热处理及与KOH共炭化对深度脱除煤中无机矿物质的促进作用

研究了煤经热处理（炭化）以及煤与ＫＯＨ共炭化对酸洗脱灰的影响。结果表明，煤经炭化再用盐酸洗涤，可以在缓和的条件下大幅度提高酸洗脱灰率；煤与ＫＯＨ共炭化后再酸洗，不仅对煤中的粘土、黄铁矿等无机矿物质有很好的效果，还特别适于脱除在一般情况下都难以除去的石英矿物。     

Fe3+/V5+/TiO2复合纳米微粒光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Fe^3 /V^5 /TiO2复合纳米微粒作为光催化剂。光降解反应结果表明，其掺杂催化剂Fe^3 /V^5 /TiO2的光催化活性明显提高。光电化学研究显示，铁离子可以成为电荷陷阱，促进空穴的界面传递反应。适量钒离子掺杂使TiO2电极的光电流升高，导带中电子浓度的增大，加快了界面的电子传递反应。共掺杂催化剂中，Fe^3 、V^5 分别提供了空穴与电子的陷阱，同时加快了电子与空穴的界面传递反应，从 更有效地提高光催化活性。双组份共掺杂为提高TiO2光催化活性提供新的途径。     

A MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF POLY（DIVINYLBENZENE-co-ACRYLIC ACID） IN CROSSLINKING PRECIPITATION POLYMERIZATION

Divinylbenzene-80 （DVB-80） and polar monomer acrylic acid （AA） having hydrogen bonding at a total monomer loading of 5 vol% were precipitated-copolymerized in a variety of organic solvents with 2,2＇-azobis（isobutyronitrile） （AIBN） as initiator. The experiments were investigated from a two-dimensional matrix, i.e., the actual crosslinking degree of DVB varying from 0 to 80% and the solvent composition varying from 0 to 100% of toluene mixture with acetonitrile, when the mixture of acetonitrile and toluene was used as the reaction solvent. Under various reaction conditions, six distinct morphologies including soluble polymers, swellable microgels, coagulum, irregular microparticles, and nano-/micrometer microspheres were formed and the structures of these polymer architectures were described. A morphological map was utilized to discuss the effects of both crosslinking degree of DVB and composition of solvent on the transitions between morphology domains. The results demonstrated that the microspheres are formed by an internal contraction due to the marginal solvency of the continuous phase and the crosslinking of the polymer network through the covalent bonding from DVB as well as the interchain hydrogen-bonding between the carboxylic acid units.     

α-Al2O3纳米粒子对Co-Ni合金异常共沉积电化学行为的影响

为了研究在电化学复合共沉积过程中,惰性纳米粒子和金属离子、电极表面的相互作用,以及由此产生的对合金电化学共沉积行为的影响.本文从两个吸附过程出发: 电解液中的金属离子和H＋在纳米粒子表面的吸附；纳米粒子迁移到阴极表面,在电极表面的吸附.采用Zeta电势和稳态极化以及电化学交流阻抗（EIS）研究了纳米Al2O3粒子和电解液中的金属离子，和电极表面的相互作用,进而分析了纳米粒子对Co2＋和Ni2＋还原沉积的影响规律.通过对阻抗数据的拟合,讨论了Al2O3纳米粒子对等效电路中各物理参数的影响.在H＋和不同金属离子在纳米粒子上发生竞争吸附的基础上,提出了纳米粒子和合金共沉积的可能反应历程.     

一种纳米TiO2粉体防团聚的新方法

开发了一种新的低成本防团聚方法——泡沫悬浮法。对泡沫悬浮法和共沸蒸馏法的防团聚效果进行了系统比较。结果表明，泡沫悬浮法可以有效抑制煅烧过程中纳米TiO₂晶粒的粗化和一次粒径的长大。泡沫悬浮法所得纳米TiO₂的粉体还具有团聚粒径小、粒度分布窄以及比表面积大的优点。通过FTIR、TG、DTA和松装密度实验对泡沫悬浮法的防团聚机理进行了研究，提出了纳米TiO₂防团聚模型。     

细胞呼吸爆发的微量量热学研究

The heat production of Wistar rat polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) was measured by an LKB 2277 Thermal Activity Monitor. When PMN were activited with phorbol-12-myristate13-acetate (PMA), the respiratory burst was recorded by greatly incr eased heat production. Experiment was also carred out in the present of the inhibitor, Total Flavonoids of Lycium Barbarum L. (TFL). The respiratory burst heat production peak was disappeared, but the heat production curve was higher than that of PMA because TFL increased the metabolic activities of PMN.     

光电高分子多级结构

光电高分子由于本身良好的光电性能、结构易修饰、良好的加工性及其柔性、便携等优点,被广泛应用于有机发光二极管、有机太阳能电池、有机激光器、场效应晶体管等领域,被誉为第四代高分子材料。与传统高分子材料相类似,光电高分子的多级结构是决定材料性质、稳定性及其应用的重要因素。本文立足于前期的工作基础,阐明了研究光高分子多级结构的重要性,划分了多级结构相应的研究领域和方向:一级结构(分子链结构)、二级结构(单分子链行为及其形态特征)、三级结构(凝聚态结构:无规相态、结晶相态等)以及高级结构(多种凝聚态结构协同作用产生新功能、新现象);简要总结了光电高分子多级结构的研究现状,提出多级结构的协同作用是实现高性能、高稳定光电子器件的重要前提。     

用双表面活性剂为共模板合成中孔分子筛MCM-48

利用水热法以非离子表面活性剂聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚和阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为共模板合成了中孔分子筛MCM-48.实验中发现利用较强的范德华力和氢键,聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚可在很大程度上降低合成MCM-48所需阳离子表面活性剂的用量,且利于制备有序性好、骨架聚合度高、稳定性好的MCM-48.通过调节聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的比例,可得到不同物相结构的分子筛.     

双亲嵌段聚合物的合成与应用

本文介绍了双亲嵌段聚合物的合成方法，包括共溶剂法、聚合后功能化法、胶束聚合法、自由基界面聚合法等，以及双亲嵌段聚合物在乳液聚合、三次采油、医用高分子材料等方面的应用。     

乙醇和甲苯组成的最低共沸混合物热力学性质的研究

The molar heat capacity of the azeotropic mixture composed of ethanol and toluene was measured by a high precision adiabatic calorimeter from 80 to 320 K. The glass transition and phase transitions of the azeotropic mixture were determined based on the heat capacity measurements. A glass transition at 103.350 K was found. A solid-solid phase transition at 127.282 K, two solid-liquid phase transitions at 153.612 and 160.584 K were observed, which correspond to the transition of metastable crystal to stable crystal of ethanol and the melting of ethanol and toluene, respectively. The thermodynamic functions and the excess ones of the mixture relative to the standard temperature 298.15 K were derived based on the relationships of the thermodynamic functions and the function of the measured heat capacity with respect to temperature.