大气科学纵横谈

 一、我们祖先的无上智慧 二、天气图上的花花世界 三、五花八门的气象预报 四、世界瞩目的大气科学热点     

中考概率问题考点盘点

近年来,在各地的中考试卷中概率问题不断出现.现从2010年中考试题为例,说明概率的常见考点.例1(重庆市)在一个不透明的盒子里装有5个分别写有数字-2,-1,0,1,2的小球,它们除数字不同外其余全部相同.现从盒子里随机取出一个小球,将该小球上的数字作为点P的横坐标,将该数的平方作为点P的纵坐标,则点P落在抛物线     

Two sample applications of a classical isoperimetric problem of the calculus of variations to fluid mechanical problems in fluidization and spouting

This paper is devoted to outlining precisely the basic mathematics of a classical isoperimetric problem of the calculus of variations and showing how significant fluid mechanical problems in fluidization and spouting can be addressed using this approach.     

Surrogate-based modeling and dimension reduction techniques for multi-scale mechanics problems

Successful modeling and/or design of engineering systems often requires one to address the impact of multiple "design variables" on the prescribed outcome.There are often multiple,competing objectives based on which we assess the outcome of optimization.Since accurate,high fidelity models are typically time consuming and computationally expensive,comprehensive evaluations can be conducted only if an efficient framework is available.Furthermore,informed decisions of the model/hardware’s overall performance rely on an adequate understanding of the global,not local,sensitivity of the individual design variables on the objectives.The surrogate-based approach,which involves approximating the objectives as continuous functions of design variables from limited data,offers a rational framework to reduce the number of important input variables,i.e.,the dimension of a design or modeling space.In this paper,we review the fundamental issues that arise in surrogate-based analysis and optimization,highlighting concepts,methods,techniques,as well as modeling implications for mechanics problems.To aid the discussions of the issues involved,we summarize recent efforts in investigating cryogenic cavitating flows,active flow control based on dielectric barrier discharge concepts,and lithium(Li)-ion batteries.It is also stressed that many multi-scale mechanics problems can naturally benefit from the surrogate approach for "scale bridging."     

高考中的有限、无穷与所有型问题解析

众所周知,恒成立问题在函数与不等式中一直备受高考的青睐,它很好地考查了分类与分步、数形结合、化归与转化、函数与方程等数学思想.而近年来,此类问题又延伸到了其它领域并作了进一步的拓展升华,出现了与有限、无穷和所有（恒成立）有关的考题.     

用面积法解题

用面积法解题就是根据题目给出的条件,利用等积变换原理有和关面积计算的公式、定理或图形的面积关系进行解题.所谓高效解题就是转化的环节少一些,不走弯路.有时我们选用面积法将问题转化,就能恰到好处地达到这一目的.