《从零学相对论》连载(24)

正[选读8-2]本选读准备就相对论在GPS中的应用问题进行更为深入和定量的讨论,特别强调如何从相对论的角度考虑问题.地球附近的时空弯曲可近似用史瓦西线元描述:ds2=-(1-2M/^r)d^t2+(1-2M/^r)-1d^r2+^r2(dθ2+sin2θdφ2),(8-6-15)其中M代表地球质量.对上式要做4点说明.(1)因为后面要涉及若干个坐标系,为使最有用的坐标系有最简单的坐标记号,即t,r,θ,φ,宁愿     

双"单电桥"法测量低电阻中的实用技巧例举

主要介绍了双"单电桥"法测量低电阻的基本原理与双"单电桥"法测量低电阻的几种实用技巧.     

欧姆放电在HL-2A装置单零偏滤器位形下的安全因子计算

安全因子剖面是表征等离子体放电位形特性的最重要的参数之一。对孔栏位形，常常采用直圆柱近似进行计算分析，安全因子剖面可以写成q（r）=5r^2BT/RIp式中，r为等离子体环的平均小半径，尺为环的大半径（长度的单位为m），Bt为环向磁场（单位为T），Ip为等离子体环向总电流（单位为MA）。考虑环形效应和截面变形，一个有用的公式为     

用中子晕弹核探寻同位旋非对称核物质状态方程

总结和评述了用中子晕弹核探寻同位旋非对称核物质状态方程。 在具有同位旋和动量依赖的同位旋相关量子分子动力学框架内, 采用对比中子晕弹核和相等质量稳定弹核在完全相同入射道条件下物理观测量的差别, 来突出中子晕核明显的同位旋效应和加强物理观测量对于同位旋的灵敏性, 从而提取核物质状态方程。 例如, 与稳定弹核碰撞系统相比, 中子晕弹核明显提高了发射核子的中子\|质子比和增加了它对于对称势的灵敏性, 这两点特征非常有利于提取对称势。 同样, 由于中子晕弹核碰撞系统在低能区（E<60 MeV）由于内部松散结构减弱了核子碰撞力度和动量耗散, 与稳定核碰撞系统相比, 明显提高了原子核阻止; 而在高能区由于两体碰撞同位旋效应的增加, 从而明显提高了原子核阻止。 利用这些特征可以提取核子\|核子碰撞截面的介质效应和同位旋依赖性。 Based on the isospin and momentum dependent quantum molecular dynamics, we use the comparison for the differences between observables in the reactions induced by the halo\|neutron projectile and stable projectile with the same mass under complete same incident channel condition to protrude the isospin effect of halo\|neutron projectile and strengthen the sensitivity of observable on the isospin for extracting the information for the equation of state. For example, the halo\|neutron projectile increases the emitted neutron\|proton ratio and then enhances its sensitivity on the symmetrical potential. Two points above are more favorable than the normal neutron\|rich and neutron\|poor projectiles for extracting the symmetry potential. We also found that the neutron\|halo projectile induces the decrease of nuclear stopping in lower beam energy region and the increase in higher beam energy region, compared to corresponding same mass stable projectile under the same incident channel condition, so that we can use these properties to extract the information for the medium effect and isospin effect of in\|medium nucleon\|nucleon cross section.     

有势力和规范对称性

介绍了有势力的一般性质,针对一般非惯性系中的惯性力引入其矢势和标势,并分析了其中的规范对称性与电磁学的形式类比.     

Quantitative conditions for the formation of p-wave neutron halos

With the experimental binding energies and configurations, the root-mean-square radii of p-wave valence neutron distributions for nuclei up to the second p-shell have been calculated in the framework of the single-particle potential model. By analyzing the relations between the radii and the binding energies, the scaling laws of p-wave valence neutron distributions are obtained. The quantitative conditions for the formation of p-wave neutron halos are deduced from these scaling laws. Based on the investigation on the probability of finding the valence nucleon outside the range of the interaction potential, a 2p_3/2 halo state in ⁴⁷S is anticipated for the first time. These obtained results might provide reference for searching for p-wave neutron halos in nuclei up to the second p-shell.     

在微机上实现的语音报时系统

本文介绍了在微计算机Cromemco System Ⅲ上模拟电话授时台的方法及实验结果.其特点是通过语音编码压缩数据量,并利用微计算机的内部时钟,在微计算机上做到实时语音输出.实验结果表明,当用户有报时要求时,输出的语音质量是好的.由于经语音编码后压缩了数据量,所以电话授时台的工作可以利用单板机来实现.对于其它需要有限语音输出的自动化系统,本方法也有参考价值.     

Zn-Mg合金的长程Finnis-Sinclair势

通过拟合Mg的晶格能、晶格常数、弹性常数,并将其与前人的结果相比较后获得了描述Mg的最优长程Finnis-Sinclair(F-S)势函数参数,使用同样方法并引入修正因子后得到了Zn的长程F-S势参数.基于单质Zn,Mg的F-S势参数,进一步拟合合金Mg₂₁Zn₂₅,MgZn₂,Mg₂Zn₁₁的晶格常数、晶格能获得Zn-Mg原子对的F-S势参数,构建了整套描述Zn-Mg合金的长程F-S势参数.在此 关键词： 长程Finnis-Sinclair势 Zn-Mg合金 分子动力学模拟     

A novel simulation method to evaluate the collection performance of a monolithic active pixel sensor

A novel simulation method is presented in this paper to evaluate the collection performance of monolithic active pixel sensor (MAPS) devices for minimum ionizing particle tracking. A simplified 3D matrix pixel structure is built using the computer aided design software Sentaurus. The virtual device is then divided into hundreds of parts and an independent customized X photon model is involved in each part to simulate the conditions under ⁵⁵Fe radiation. After data processing and analysis, charge collection efficiency, collection time and diffusion conditions can be estimated in detail. In order to verify the reliability of the method, comparisons are made between the simulations and experiments. Although there are some defects, it can be concluded that the proposed idea is a feasible method for the evaluation of the MAPS collection performance.