微管内气液两相流中液膜厚度的实验测量

微通道内气液两相流中气柱(plug bubble)与通道壁之间液膜厚度的实验测量,是微热管、微流动、微电子冷却以及气泡雾化等研究中普遍关注的问题.本文利用基于光学干涉和快速傅立叶变换的空间频谱分析方法,实验测量获取了含表面活性剂水中气柱在750μm 通道内运动时其与通道壁面之间的液膜厚度.实验结果表明:表面活性剂对液膜厚度的影响比较明显,即当表面活性剂浓度在一定范围内增大时,液膜厚度会减小;此外,当气柱运动速度在一定范围内增大时,液膜厚度也会减小.     

特殊供油条件下点接触弹流润滑乏油分析

从实验中观测到的特殊乏油现象出发,提出1种特殊供油条件函数,求出点接触弹性流体动力润滑的完全数值解,定性模拟实验中的特殊乏油现象,并分析供油条件函数中的参数与中心膜厚和最小膜厚的关系.结果表明:供油油膜的两突起导致相应的压力、部分油膜比例和润滑油膜分布中也出现两突起;供油油膜的两突起能够扩大压力区和充分供油区域,能够局部改善润滑效果,但是对中心膜厚和最小膜厚影响很小;供油油量主要影响润滑状态,而供油油膜的形状在不同程度上也会影响润滑状态.     

微管内气液两相流中液膜厚度的实验测量

微通道内气液两相流中气柱（plugbubble）与通道壁之间液膜厚度的实验测量，是微热管、微流动、微电子冷却以及气泡雾化等研究中普遍关注的问题。本文利用基于光学干涉和快速傅立叶变换的空间频谱分析方法，实验测量获取了含表面活性剂水中气柱在750μm通道内运动时其与通道壁面之间的液膜厚度。实验结果表明：表面活性剂对液膜厚度的影响比较明显，即当表面活性剂浓度在一定范围内增大时，液膜厚度会减小；此外，当气柱运动速度在一定范围内增大时，液膜厚度也会减小。     

润滑理论研究的进展与思考

全面阐述了润滑理论研究中关于各种润滑状态,包括流体润滑、边界润滑、弹流润滑、薄膜润滑以及混合润滑等的研究进展和存在的问题;并进而就今后的润滑理论研究提出了若干建议.     

液态金属熔池中气泡-液体两相湍流的数值模拟研究

应用欧拉-欧拉双流体模型,以及分别描述气泡和液体湍流的两相湍流模型,描述液态金属中气体射流发泡过程的两相流动及气泡分布。与实验结果的对比表明,本模型的预测能力优于前人未考虑气相湍流的模型。考查了液体物性和气泡尺寸对流场特性的影响,结果发现,液体密度越低,气泡尺寸越小,气泡分布就越均匀。     

二阶非牛顿流体蠕流精确解

二阶流体是工业界常见的非牛顿流体,因为其本构关系简单而被广泛采用和研究.逆方法预先假定流场满足某类特定的物理的或几何的特性,从而求出流体运动方程的精确解.本文通过假定平面定常二阶非牛顿流体的涡量场与受到扰动的流函数相等这一特定形式,采用求解非线性微分方程常用的逆方法,推导并获得了平面二阶蠕流流场的精确解,由此容易进一步获得流场的压力.所获得的精确解包含了Poiseuille,简单Couette平行流动以及两相向流体的相互作用等流动.这些精确解为实验,数值以及渐进解的检验提供了借鉴和参考.     

Geometric shapes of the interface surface of bicomponent flows between two concentric rotating cylinders

In this paper, the shape problem of interface of bicomponent flows between two concentric rotating cylinders is investigated. With tensor analysis, the problem is reduced to an energy functional isoperimetric problem when neglecting the effects of the dissipative energy caused by viscosity. We derive the associated Euler-Lagrangian equation, which is a nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem of the second order. Moreover, by considering the effects of the dissipative energy, we propose another total energy functional to characterize the geometric shape of the interface, and obtain the corresponding Euler-Lagrangian equation, which is also a nonlinear elliptic boundary value problem of the second order. Thus, the problem of the geometric shape is converted into a nonlinear boundary value problem of the second order in both cases.     

CHAOTIC MOTIONS AND LIMIT CYCLE FLUTTER OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL WING IN SUPERSONIC FLOW

Based on the piston theory of supersonic flow and the energy method, the flutter motion equations of a two-dimensional wing with cubic stiffness in the pitching direction are established. The aeroelastic system contains both structural and aerodynamic nonlinearities. Hopf bifurcation theory is used to analyze the flutter speed of the system. The effects of system parameters on the flutter speed are studied. The 4th order Runge-Kutta method is used to calculate the stable limit cycle responses and chaotic motions of the aeroelastic system. Results show that the number and the stability of equilibrium points of the system vary with the increase of flow speed. Besides the simple limit cycle response of period 1, there are also period-doubling responses and chaotic motions in the flutter system. The route leading to chaos in the aeroelastic model used here is the period-doubling bifurcation. The chaotic motions in the system occur only when the flow speed is higher than the linear divergent speed and the initial condition is very small. Moreover, the flow speed regions in which the system behaves chaos axe very narrow.     

A numerical investigation into the solids phase chromatography using a combined continuous and discrete approach

Solids phase chromatography for particle classification is based on different retention times of particles with different properties when they are elutriated through a confined geometry. This work aims at a fundamental understanding of such a technology by using the combined continuous and discrete method. A packed bed is employed as the model confined geometry. The numerical method is compared first with experimental observations, followed by a parametric analysis of the effects on the flow hydrodynamics and solids behaviour of various parameters including the number of injected particles, the superficial gas velocity, the contact stiffness and the diameter ratio of the packed column to the packed particles. The results show that the modelling captures some important features of the flow of an injected pulse of fine particles in a packed bed. An increase in the number of injected particles or the superficial gas velocity reduces the retention time, whereas the contact stiffness does not show much effect over the range of 5 × 10^2 to 5× 10^4 N/m. It is also found that the effect on the retention time of the diameter ratio of the packed column to the packed particles seems complex showing a non-monotonous dependence.     

离散型湍流多相流动的研究进展和需求

离散型多相流动,指气体-颗粒(气-固)、液体-颗粒(液-固)、液体-气泡、气体-液雾以及气泡-液体-颗粒等两相或三相流动.这种类型的多相流动广泛存在于能源, 航天和航空, 化工和冶金,交通运输, 水利, 核能等领域.本文阐述了离散型多相流动的国内外基础研究,包括颗粒/液滴/气泡在流场中受流体动力作用力的研究, 颗粒-颗粒,液滴-液滴,气泡-气泡之间以及颗粒/液滴和壁面之间碰撞和聚集规律的研究,颗粒-气体和气泡-液体湍流相互作用的研究, 和数值模拟的研究,包括多相流动的雷诺平均模拟、大涡模拟和直接数值模拟的研究进展.最后, 归纳了目前尚待研究的需求.