The simulation of ultrasonic beams with a Gaussian beam equivalent point source model

Point Sources and Gaussian beams are used frequently as fundamental building blocks for developing ultrasonic beam models. Both these models have different weaknesses that limit their effectiveness. Here, we will show that one can develop a Gaussian Beam Equivalent Point Source （GBEPS） model that removes those weaknesses and combines the accuracy and versatility of the point source models with much of the speed and well-behaved nature of Gaussian beam models. We will demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of this new GBEPS model in simulating the beams generated from ultrasonic phased arrays, using as few as one Gaussian beam per element of the array. A single element GBEPS model will be shown to be as accurate as a point source model even when substantial beam focusing or steering is present in the array or where the array beam is transmitted through an interface. At the same time the GBEPS model will be shown to be several orders of magnitude faster than the point source model.     

AN EFFICIENT SEQUENTIAL DESIGN FOR SENSITIVITY EXPERIMENTS

In sensitivity experiments, the response is binary and each experimental unit has a critical stimulus level that cannot be observed directly. It is often of interest to estimate extreme quantiles of the distribution of these critical stimulus levels over the tested products. For this purpose a new sequential scheme is proposed with some commonly used models. By using the bootstrap repeated-sampling principle, reasonable prior distributions based on a historic data set are specified. Then, a Bayesian strategy for the sequential procedure is provided and the estimator is given. Further, a high order approximation for such an estimator is explored and its consistency is proven. A simulation study shows that the proposed method gives superior performances over the existing methods.     

带有Fokker-Planck算子的BGK方程 [英文]

本文主要研究带有Fokker-Planck算子的BGK模型,即Fokker-Planck-BGK方程.首先,我们对线性方程?f/?t+v·▽_xf - σ?_vf = g(t, x, v), f (0, x, v) = f_0(x, v).建立了两个基本引理:速度矩引理和速度平均引理.然后通过渐近方法,在初始条件只有二阶矩的情形下得到Fokker-Planck-BGK方程经典解的存在性.     

优化MGM(1,n)模型及其应用研究

从最小二乘估计的适用条件出发,在建立MGM(1,n)模型前,先采用BoxCox变换对原始数据进行变换,以解决或缓解误差项的正态性偏离问题.首先,以模型拟合平均误差最小化为目标,建立非线性优化模型,在参数的置信区间内,应用PSO(Particle Swarm Optimization)算法求最优解.然后,应用求解得到的参数,建立优化MGM(1,n)模型.在实例分析中,将优化MGM(1,n)模型应用于深基坑围护结构变形预测,实验结果表明通过对原始数据做合适的Box-Cox变换,能够有效提高模型的拟合及预测精度,拓广多变量灰色预测模型的适用范围.     

基于解释结构模型的大学生就业影响因素分析

针对大学生就业率低的问题,构建大学生就业评价指标体系,利用解释结构模型的实用化方法对大学生就业影响因素进行了分析,并构建大学生就业影响因素的解释结构模型.根据解释结构模型层次化处理结果,分析各个因素之间的联系,将大学生就业影响因素分为四个层次,明确大学生就业影响因素的层次结构关系,找出导致大学生就业率低的最直接因素和最根本因素.     

A Model for Fractal Dimension of Rough Surfaces

We report a model for the fractal dimension D8 of rough surfaces based on the fractal distribution of roughness elements on surfaces and the fractal character of surface profiles. The proposed model for the fractal dimension Ds is expressed as a function of the fractaJ dimensions D for conic roughness diameter/height and Dp for surface profile, maximum roughness base diameter λmax, the ratio β of conic roughness height to its base radius as well as the ratio λmin/λmasx of the minimum to the maximal base diameter.     

基于后向散射模型的蒸汽湿度测量及仿真

为了更加准确地测量出汽轮机末级蒸汽湿度,为锅炉给水量提供依据,促进汽轮机内部除湿技术的发展,采用了后向角散射法的思路设计了湿蒸汽参数测量模型,并对模型所需物理量进行了详细的计算,为后向散射法测量蒸汽湿度的研究提供参考。通过对模型进行仿真模拟以及实验研究,得到了后向散射光光强数据。通过对比仿真模拟数据与实验数据,验证了该模型的可行性与有效性,对光散射法测量蒸汽湿度的实验分析以及工程实践具有重要意义。     

基于因子分析的门诊患者满意度模型

在新医改背景下,基于问卷调查和因子分析对三甲医院门诊患者的满意度进行了实证分析,探讨了提高医院服务质量和综合实力的途径.首先设计封闭式调查问卷,随机抽取门诊患者进行匿名自填式问卷调查.然后采用统计软件SPSS进行数据分析,基于因子分析法,提取了时间与费用、医生素养与投诉、服务、和环境等四个公共因子.最后针对挂号、医药费、交通等出现的问题提出了相应的建议.     

气冷服近体调温性能的数值分析

为了探讨气冷服的近体调温性能,构建了体表-服装几何模型,采用数值模拟的方法研究了平均皮肤温度、内外温差关于进气速度、进气温度及人体散热率的变化关系。结果表明:体表上半部分温度高于下半部分温度;平均皮肤温度与进气速度成幂函数关系,温差与进气速度成对数函数关系;平均皮肤温度及温差关于进气温度成线性关系,进气温度每降低1℃,则平均皮肤温度降低0.39℃,而温差上升0.41℃;平均皮肤温度关于人体散热率成线性变化,散热率每增大5W/m~2,平均皮肤温度升高0.6℃。     

Gallium Nitride Room Temperature α Particle Detectors

Gallium Nitride （GaN） room temperature α particle detectors are fabricated and characterized, whose device structure is Schottky diode. The current-voltage （I- V） measurements reveal that the reverse breakdown voltage of the detectors is more than 200 V owing to the consummate fabrication processes, and that the Schottky barrier and ideal factor of the detectors are 0.64 eV and 1.02, respectively, calculated from the thermionic transmission model. ^241Am α particles pulse height spectra from the GaN detectors biased at -8 V is obviously one Gauss peak located at channel 44 with the full width at half maximum （FWHM） of 15.87 in channel. One of the main reasons for the relatively wider FWHM is that the air between the detectors and isotope could widen the spectrum.