搅拌棒吸附萃取技术的研究进展

搅拌棒吸附萃取是一种新型的固相微萃取样品前处理技术,具有固定相体积大、萃取容量高、无需外加搅拌子、可避免竞争性吸附、能在自身搅拌的同时实现萃取富集等优点,广泛应用于食品、环境和生物样品分析的前处理。本文综述了搅拌棒吸附技术的最新应用进展,重点阐述了新型搅拌棒吸附萃取涂层的研制、新型萃取装置的发展以及搅拌棒吸附萃取技术的应用现状,并探讨了搅拌棒吸附萃取存在的不足,展望了搅拌棒吸附萃取技术的发展趋势。     

非手性的棒状分子在非手性表面形成的风车团簇

利用低温STM研究了非手性的棒状并五苯分子在Bi（111）表面形成的手性风车团簇.在团簇内部,并五苯分子分别沿Bi（111）的3个对称轴方向平行排列,形成6个不同的分子带.在每个分子带中,相邻分子之间有一个滑移错位.当平行排列的分子数多于4时,滑移错位发生反向,形成弯曲的风车扇叶.我们认为,分子的滑移错位来自于分子之间的π-π相互作用;而滑移错位的反向是团簇内部的吸引力导致的密堆积的结果.这两种作用的竞争是形成手性风车团簇的微观机制.     

分子印迹固相萃取/毛细管电泳法检测牛奶中头孢噻肟残留

采用分子印迹技术,以头孢噻肟(CTX)为模板分子,α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EGDMA)为交联剂合成了头孢噻肟分子印迹聚合物(CTX-MIP).以该分子印迹聚合物为固相萃取柱填料,毛细管电泳进行检测,建立了分子印迹固相萃取/毛细管电泳检测牛奶中头孢噻肟残留的方法.结果表明,CTX-MIP对CTX具有较高的选择性,萃取效果良好.该方法在CTX为5～ 100 mg/L范围内呈良好线性,相关系数(r2)为0.999 4;3种不同加标水平(10、50、100 mg/L)的回收率分别为78％、84％、86％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.5％～4.5％,检出限(LOD,S/N≥3)为98.52 μg/L,定量下限(LOQ,S/N≥10)为329.0 μg/L,符合兽药残留分析的要求.     

Structural Characterization and Retention Time Prediction for Components of Essential Oil of Meconopsis Integrifolia Flowers

A molecular structural characterization (MSC) method called reduced molecular electronegativity-distance vector (MEDVR) was used to describe the molecular structures of 55 components of meconopsis integrifolia flowers. By use of stepwise multiple regression (SMR) and partial least square (PLS) methods, a model with the correlation coefficient (R1) of 0.987 and the standard deviation (SD1) of 1.377 could be obtained. Then through multiple linear regression (MLR), another model with the correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.989 and standard deviation (SD2) of 1.395 could be constructed. Furthermore, in virtue of variable screening by the stepwise multiple regression technique (SMR), 8 vectors were selected to build up another model with its correlation coefficient (R3) and standard deviation (SD3) of 0.989 and 1.366, respectively. Then all the three models were evaluated by performing cross-validation with the leave-one-out (LOO) procedure, and the correlation coefficients (QCV) were 0.981, 0.976 and 0.979, respectively. The results show that the models constructed could provide estimation stability and favorable predictive ability.     

VOSO4/活性炭在常压合成丙酮酸乙酯中的催化作用

以氧化改性活性炭为载体,用浸渍法制备了系列VOSO4/活性炭催化剂(VO/ACO). 采用FT-IR、XRD、ICP和比表面及孔结构测定等表征了催化剂组成与结构. 考察了VO/ACO催化剂在常压分子氧氧化乳酸乙酯中的催化作用. 结果表明, 氧化活性炭是氧钒催化剂的有效载体,以pH=3的VOSO4溶液浸渍得到的VO-3/ACO催化剂具有优良的催化性能, 在二氯乙烷中常压,80 ℃ 反应18 h, 乳酸乙酯转化完全, 丙酮酸乙酯的选择性达95.2%. 催化剂重复使用三次后的性能基本保持不变.     

三萜骨架功能分子

具有独特立体结构的三萜化合物是一类重要的生物活性天然产物,在消炎、降血脂、保肝护肾、抗菌、抗肿瘤、抗真菌等方面有着重要药用价值。利用其独特手性结构、亲脂性、生物活性以及生物相容性等特性,设计合成新型功能分子,可作为药物载体,发挥其识别功能以及用于医用材料等方面具有重要的作用。本文介绍了近年来以三萜为骨架设计合成的新型功能分子在离子、分子识别和自组装性能方面研究现状及其潜在的应用前景。     

配位化学的发展史

自从1893年瑞士化学家维尔纳创立配位化学已来,配位化学理论得到不断发展,逐渐完善。经过化学家们100多年的努力,由传统经典的配合物,发展到今天的配位超分子化合物,并显示出结构和功能上的优越特性,成为现代无机化学的一个发展方向。     

乙炔与H2O分子之间的氢键结构与性质

采用B3LYP方法,在6-311++G水平上优化得到了H2O…C2H2氢键复合物的σ-n和H-π型两种稳定构型,并进行频率分析,讨论了相关自然键红外振动光谱的红移现象.采用NBO理论对σ-n和H-π氢键复合物形成过程中的电荷转移的类型进行了分析讨论.分子间的氢键相互作用能结果表明,σ-n型比H-π型氢键复合物更稳定.     

A Novel Inorganic-organic Hybrid Borate with Unique One-dimensional Infinite Aluminium-oxygen Chains

A novel inorganic-organic hybrid borate,[Al2(fum)(H3BO3)(OH) 4]n·n(H3BO3) (1,H2fum = fumaric acid) ,has been synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction,FTIR and elemental analysis. Crystal data for compound 1: orthorhombic,space group Pnma,a = 14.108(3) ,b = 6.9412(14) ,c = 14.995(3) ,V = 1468.3(5) 3,Z = 4,Mr = 359.72,Dc = 1.627 g/cm3,μ = 0.254 mm-1,F(000) = 736,the final R = 0.0492 and wR = 0.1650 with I > 2σ(I) . In compound 1,each AlⅢ ion is coordinated by six oxygen atoms to adopt a distorted octahedral geometry. Both fumarate anion and the coordinated boric acid act as bidentate bridging ligands to link two neighboring AlⅢ centers simultaneously. Each AlⅢ ion is bridged by two μ2-hydroxyl ligands to construct an infinite wave-like [Al2(fum)(H3BO3)(OH) 4]n chain. These one-dimensional chains form hydrogen bonds with free boric acid molecules giving rise to a three-dimensional supramolecular network.