密度泛函理论的若干进步

密度泛函理论（ＤＦＴ）作为处理非均匀相互作用多粒子体系的近似方法已经在计算凝聚态物理、计算材料科学和计算量子化学诸多领域取得巨大成功并获得广泛应用。然而它也存在一些被广泛关注的弱点或困难。例如关于激发态问题,强关联问题和处理大原子数复杂体系方面的困难。本将针对ＤＦＴ在以上三方面的问题,评述近年来的主要努力和进展。着重量介绍最近发展的含时间密度泛函理论（ＴＤＦＴ）,它有可能发展成为处理激发态问题的标准方法。关于强电子关联体系的处理,主要介绍ＬＤＡ以外的新发展,包括ＬＤＡ＋＋方法和计及动力学平均场理论的ＬＤＡ＋ＤＭＦＴ方法。最后,评述ＤＦＴ框架内的线性标度Ｏｒｄｅｒ－Ｎ算法的物理基础和主要策略。该算法将在处理大原子数复杂体系问题上发挥重要作用。     

异烟肼-烟酰胺-丁二酸三元共晶的振动光谱检测与分析

药物共晶是指将活性药物成分(API)与共晶形成物以非共价键的形式组合在一起,形成具有特殊晶胞结构的晶体。共晶可以在不改变API药理性质的情况下有效改善其理化性质,近年来被大量报道。三元共晶指由三种组分构成的晶体,相较于传统的二元共晶,三种组分形成的结构更加复杂,分子间的氢键形式更加多样,合成和分析的难度都大大提高。采用溶剂蒸发法制备了异烟肼-烟酰胺-丁二酸三元共晶,并通过太赫兹时域光谱技术(THz-TDS)对其进行定性分析,证实了可以通过此种方法制备共晶。同时为研究共晶中的氢键合成元形式,结合密度泛函理论(DFT)对共晶中可能的氢键形式进行了模拟,模拟结果与实验结果较为吻合。在此基础上,对三元共晶的氢键合成元形式和振动模式进行了分析。     

肾上腺素与二甲亚砜氢键作用的理论研究

The hydrogen bond is one of the most important intermolecular interactions playing an important role in intermolecular recognition processes essential to most biological systems. Adrenaline is an important catecholamine neurotransmitter in the mammalian central nervous system. Dimethyl sulphoxide can carry with it drugs across membranes. The geometries of adrenaline and six stable 1 : 1 complexes formed between adrenaline and dimethyl sulphoxide were optimized by Berny method at PM3 level and thus were optimized by density functional theory（B3LYP method）at the 6-31G,6-31G*,and 6-31+G* level respectively to obtain accurate structures. Single-point energies of all optimized molecular geometries were calculated to discuss the energies and structural parameters between reactants and products. All the binding energies have been corrected by the zero point vibrational energies（ZPVE）at varied basis set levels from 6-31G to 6-31 + G*. The results indicated that stronger hydrogen-bonded complexes were formed by molecular interaction between adrenaline and dimethyl sulphoxide. The calculation results can be better used to explain some experimental phenomena.     

N-苯甲酰基-N'-4-甲基苯基硫脲的结构研究

硫脲及其衍生物由于其广泛的应用已引起了人们的重视。本文报道N-苯甲酰基-N’-4-甲基苯基硫脲的单晶结构。并用密度泛函(DFT)理论的B3LYP杂化函数方法对所选的分子进行相应的构型优化和分析。     

ω-非常凸空间与ω-非常光滑空间

本文研究了ω-非常凸空间和ω-非常光滑空间的问题.利用局部自反原理和切片证明了ω-非常凸空间和ω-非常光滑空间的对偶关系,讨论了ω-非常凸空间和ω-非常光滑空间与其它凸性和光滑性的关系,给出了ω-非常凸空间与ω-非常光滑空间的若干特征刻画,所得结果完善了关于Banach空间凸性与光滑性理论的研究.     

密度泛函方法研究HS2X的稳定构型

采用量子化学中的密度泛函理论(DFT),在B3LYP／6-311 G(3df,2p)水平上全优化得到了单卤代二硫烷HSSX(X-H,F,Cl,Br)链型和分叉型两种异构体的平衡结构。计算结果表明．在热力学上,所有链型的HSSX为稳定构型．其能量分别较分叉型构型低109．8、60．2、74．8和73．1kJ／mol。同时,采用统计热力学方法,研究了两种平衡结构之间相互转化的化学热力学性质,发现异构化反应的平衡常数很小。     

有序分子系统的线性与非线性光谱学的简化描述

A simplified formulation for treating the linear and nonlinear spectroscopy of ordered molecular systems is presented,in order to help experimentalists to have an explicit physical picture and quantitative tool on using linear and nonlinear spectroscopy to study molecules in ordered molecular systems. This formulation is expended from our recent quantitative orientational and polarization treatment on second-order nonlinear spectroscopic techniques in interface studies,namely,the Second Harmonic Generation（SHG）and Sum Frequency Generation-Vibrational Polarization Spectroscopy（SFG-VPS）. The key to this formulation is to simplify the effective linear or nonlinear molecular susceptibility and construct the general orientational functional with a clear approach to calculate the orientational and intensity parameters from the experimental parameters,which determines the orientational and polarization behavior of the general orientational functional in a particular experimental configuration. Also discussed are the advantages of coherent spectroscopic techniques over incoherent ones for the accurate measurement of orientation and ordering of ordered molecular system.     

水分子辅助的一碳单元转移机理的密度泛函研究

The one-carbon unit transfer reaction catalysed by glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylase（GARTfase）is a key step in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. In order to give a theoretical research of the assumption from the experiments,the water-assisted mechanism in GAR Tfase catalysed one-carbon unit transfer reaction has been investigated by a Density Functional Theory method,B3LYP,at 6-31G* basis level. There are two possible reaction channels for the whole reaction,one is concerted（path a）and the other is stepwise（path b）. The water molecule serve as a bridge to connect the proton donor to the proton acceptor. All the transition states in both paths have a six-membered ring in their structures due to the joint of the water molecule. The calculations show that the latter is preferable to the former due to the lower energy barriers. The results have verified the presumption from experiments,and proved that the joint of a water molecule can relax the strong strain in the unstable system,so it is propitious to the whole reaction.     

D2dC36的二聚体的结构和稳定性

用密度泛函理论(DFT)B3LYP方法,在6-31G*水平上系统研究了具有D2d对称性的C36分子形成的二聚体(C36)2的可能的稳定结构及其稳定性.结果表明,两个C36的六元环面对面、由两个C(2)-C(2)连接而成且具有C2v对称性的结构的能量最低.在所研究的二聚体(C36)2中,C36笼间键长在1.530×10-1～1.660×10-1 nm范围内,说明C36单体间仍以共价键结合.(C36)2的稳定性以及笼间键长与成键原子的位置密切相关.本文还给出了计算所得(C36)2的电子结构,并讨论了其对(C36)2性质的影响.此外,在B3LYP/6-31G*水平上对最稳定的二聚体C2v(C36)2结构作了振动频率分析,并对振动光谱特征进行了讨论.     

密度泛函理论在分子磁学中的应用2.混合桥联三核镍配合物自旋交换作用

用密度泛函理论结合对称性破损方法(DFF-BS)研究了混合桥联三核镍配合物的磁交换耦合作用．这类化合物是由三唑和异硫氰酸根桥联形成的混合桥配合物．计算表明,在标题化合物中,三唑桥传递反铁磁耦合作用,而异硫氰酸根桥传递铁磁耦合作用;并且,随着异硫氰酸根取代三唑桥的数目增加,配合物的铁磁作用增强,在一定意义上说明了混合桥磁耦合作用的加合性．Mulliken自旋布居分析表明,无论是三唑桥还是异硫氰酸根桥,它们的磁交换作用机理都是磁中心的自旋离域．分子磁轨道分析显示,对于三唑桥,在局域磁轨道之间存在着强的轨道作用,导致了反铁磁耦合;对于异硫氰酸根桥,局域磁轨道之间弱的相互作用,表现了铁磁耦合作用．对标题化合物的研究说明了DFF-BS方法可用于三核体系磁交换作用的研究．