溶胶凝胶法制备全丙基-β-环糊精毛细管气相色谱柱

用溶胶凝胶法制备了全丙基—β—CD毛细管气相色谱柱。研究了对色谱柱性能影响的因素;确定了制备全丙基—β—CD毛细管气相色谱柱的最佳涂渍工艺条件,即固定相在溶胶反应液中的浓度控制在0．120—0．150kg/L,三氟乙酸用量0．05mL,二氯甲烷0．8mL,反应物在反应容器内搅拌反应时间为40min左右,通入柱子后的反应时间约为30min左右,可得到性能优越的毛细管柱。进行了各种条件下此类色谱柱性能的比较。     

沃特世全球服务——实验室设备的完美守护者

沃特世(Waters)公司一直是业内领先的创新型企业。目前在全球,沃特世有三分之一的员工专注于为客户提供服务及支持工作;50多个国家及地区的94个分支机构为当地客户提供一致的专业服务;超过800位现场服务工程师第一时间响应客户的需求。沃特世全球服务(Waters Global Services)不仅是以上的描述,它还涵盖了两个创新的服务理念:全生命周期资产管理服务体系和前瞻性的维护服务。     

Explanation of Theoretical Mechanism of Isomerization of L-Alanine Conformation for Experimental Results

B3LYP/6-31＋＋G＊＊ method was applied to investigate the mechanism of alanine isomerization.12 minima and 22 transition states were obtained after optimization and several paths of isomerization were found.It is found that intramolecular single-bond rotation and proton transfer might lead to isomerization.The energy barrier of C–N bond rotation was lower than 2.52 kcal·mol 1,while the energy barrier ranges of the rotation of C–C and C–O were separately 0.43~ 7.01 and 4.69~12.19 kcal·mol 1,and the minimum energy barrier of proton transfer was 30.76 kcal·mol 1.The most probable isomerization path and mechanism for the two most stable conformations was discussed to find that the highest energy barrier to be crossed in this path was 11.87 kcal·mol 1.In order to understand the microscopic nature why only 4 conformations were detected in the experiment,thermodynamic properties of all conformations at the experimental temperature of 391 K was calculated.It is found that conformations XII,XI,X and IX can only unidirectionally convert into conformations rapidly with low energy and vanish immediately.The other conformations were distributed according to Maxwell-Boltzman＇s law,and the distribution probabilities of conformations I,II,III,IV,V,VI,VII and VIII were respectively 27.2%,26.5%,25.8%,6.4%,5.2%,4.8%,2.5% and 1.6%.Conformations I,II and III with bigger probability and stronger absorption peak were easy to detect in the experiment.Conformation IV had a relatively smaller probability（6.4%） and weak absorption peak which,however,could also be identified.The other conformations had too small probability to identify in the spectrum.     

Estimation of Critical Temperature of Thermal Explosion for Trinitromethyl Explosives by Non-isothermal DSC

Two general expressions and their six derived formulae for estimating the critical temperature(Tb) of thermal explosion for energetic materials(EMs) were derived from the Semenov’s thermal explosion theory and eight non-isothermal kinetic equations via reasonable hypothesis. We can easily obtain the values of the initial temperature(T0i) at which DSC curve deviates from the baseline of the non-isothermal DSC curve of EMs, the onset temperature(Tei), the exothermic decomposition reaction kinetic parameters and the values of T00 and Te0 from the equation T0i or ei=T00 or e0+α1βi+α2βi2+···+αL–2βiL–2, i=1, 2, ···, L and then calculate the values of Tb by means of the six derived formulae. The results obtained with the six derived calculating methods for six trinitromethyl explosives: bis(2,2,2- trinitroethyl-N-nitro) ethylene diamine(BTNEDA), 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-4,4,4-trinitrobutyrate(TNETB), bis(2,2,2- trinitroethyl) formal(BNTF), bis(2,2,2-trinitroethyl-nitramine)(BTNNA), 2,2,2-trinitroethyl-2,2,2-trinitroethyl-N- nitroamino acetate(TNTNNA) and tetrakis [2,2,2-trinitroethyl] orthoester(TTNOE) agree well with each other.     

聚炔、累积多烯与全碳环分子的模糊对称性

近年来我们关于分子模糊对称性的工作多属于模糊点对称性的研究, 关于模糊空间对称性探讨较少. 聚炔作为线状一维模糊周期分子, 我们曾对其进行了初步分析. 虽然对于聚炔分子骨架的分析比较全面, 但由于繁冗的计算使我们对分子轨道(MO)模糊对称性的分析只限于少数典型分子. 本文将对不同的聚炔分子MO模糊对称性特征进行较为系统的分析. 结果表明包含不同碳原子数目的分子轨道模糊对称性参数值之间有一定相关性. 此外我们还对一些相关体系分子的MO进行分析, 累积多烯分子虽然并非线型分子, 但其π-MO相关的碳原子处于线性位置, 可依模糊一维周期的G11体系处理. 按Born-Karman近似, 即n个单元的一维周期对称群与Cn点群同构, 本文还分析了相关的全碳环分子的MO的对称性和模糊对称性. 努力寻求与一维周期性相关的模糊对称性规律性特征.     

微型气相色谱仪热导检测器放大电路设计

Agilent公司生产的Agilent 3000+系列色谱仪是微型气相色谱仪(micro GC)的典型代表,其热导检测器的信号放大电路和模数转换器(analog-to-digital convertor, ADC)存在功耗大、工作温度过高等不足.文中分析了micro GC电路的功能需求,从选用低噪声的24 bit Δ-Σ ADC ADS1255入手,设计了高共模电压容限、低噪声的全差分放大电路及其他外围电路,并且对全差分放大电路建立了噪声模型,计算了其噪声理论值,优化了系统设计参数.另外,还设计了一个测试平台,对所设计的全差分放大电路和ADC的性能进行了全面的测试评估,结果表明新设计的热导检测器放大电路与ADC的总噪声(以美国材料与试验协会(ASTM)标准值计)仅为1.25 μV,总功耗降低了3.7 W,满足micro GC的功能需求,而且可靠性高、体积小、结构简单,可用于新一代micro GC的研发和生产.     

I2界面修饰对全无机CsPbBr3钙钛矿太阳能电池性能的影响

通过在 CsPbBr₃薄膜上旋涂一次 I₂的异丙醇溶液以修饰 CsPbBr₃吸光层,钝化 CsPbBr₃层表面缺陷,改善 CsPbBr₃薄膜形貌。同时通过利用环境友好的绿色溶剂水溶解 CsBr,显著提高了其溶解度,减少了旋涂次数,简化了电池制备流程。实验结果表明,在CsPbBr₃钙钛矿太阳能电池(perovskite solar cells,PSCs)中,使用5 mg·mL^-1 I₂的异丙醇溶液界面修饰的器件具有最佳光伏性能,其最高开路电压(open-circuit voltage,V_OC)为1.55 V,短路电流密度(short circuit current density,J_SC)为7.45 mA·cm^-2,填充因子(fill factor,FF)为85.54%,光电转换效率(photoelectric conversion efficiency,PCE)达到了9.88%。     

3种全烷基化β—环糊精作毛细管气相色谱固定相的研究

作者合成了３种全烷基化β－环糊精，并将其涂溃石英毛细管色谱柱分离位置异构体和光学异构体得了良好的结果，其中全甲基化β－环糊精具有最好的选择性。     

Antoine公式常数拟合的初值问题

Ａｎｔｏｉｎｅ公式常数拟合的初值问题王基 （中国科技大学化学物理系，合肥２３００２６）纯物质的饱和蒸汽压与温度的关系式可由克劳修斯－克拉贝龙方程积分而得，但适用温度范围较窄。而Ａｎｔｏｉｎｅ公式能在较大的温度范围内应用。其中参数Ａ、Ｂ及Ｃ须用（加权）?..