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21.
Behavior of cellulose in NaOH/Urea aqueous solution characterized by light scattering and viscometry
Cellulose was dissolved in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution, which was proven by a 13C NMR spectrum to be a direct solvent of cellulose rather than a derivative aqueous solution system. Dilute solution behavior of cellulose in a NaOH/urea aqueous solution system was examined by laser light scattering and viscometry. The Mark–Houwink equation for cellulose in 6 wt % NaOH/4 wt % urea aqueous solution at 25 °C was [η] = 2.45 × 10?2 weight‐average molecular weight (Mw)0.815 (mL g?1) in the Mw region from 3.2 × 104 to 12.9 × 104. The persistence length (q), molar mass per unit contour length (ML), and characteristic ratio (C∞) of cellulose in the dilute solution were 6.0 nm, 350 nm?1, and 20.9, respectively, which agreed with the Yamakawa–Fujii theory of the wormlike chain. The results indicated that the cellulose molecules exist as semiflexible chains in the aqueous solution and were more extended than in cadoxen. This work provided a novel, simple, and nonpollution solvent system that can be used to investigate the dilute solution properties and molecular weight of cellulose. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 42: 347–353, 2004 相似文献
22.
In this work, the effect of flexibility on the trajectory of a planar two-link manipulator is studied using integrated computer-aided design/analysis (CAD/CAE) procedures. The solid models and finite element models of the parts of the manipulator are created by using the CAD/CAE software I-DEAS. The assembly is defined, and knowing the payload and the end point trajectory, the velocities and accelerations of the parts, joint forces and driving torques are calculated using the rigid body dynamics. All the time dependent nodal forces acting on the parts including distributed gravity and inertia forces are created in files with the I-DEAS program file format. The finite element vibration analysis of the parts is performed by I-DEAS. The end point vibrations and the deviations from the rigid-body trajectory are analyzed for different types of end point acceleration curves. A circular trajectory is considered as an example. It is observed that the precision of the manipulator can be increased by testing different end point acceleration curves without changing the trajectory and the duration of the end point work. The procedure explained in this work can be used for this purpose successfully. 相似文献
23.
Modular and quasimodular solutions of a specific second order differential equation in the upper-half plane, which originates from a study of supersingular j-invariants in the first author's work with Don Zagier, are given explicitly. Positivity of Fourier coefficients of some of the solutions as well as a characterization of the differential equation are also discussed. 相似文献
24.
Mean value in invexity analysis 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this paper, a generalization of the mean value theorem is considered in the case of functions defined on an invex set with respect to η (which is not necessarily connected). 相似文献
25.
Annegret K. Wagler 《4OR: A Quarterly Journal of Operations Research》2005,3(4):329-336
Shepherd95 proved that the stable set polytopes of near-bipartite graphs are given by constraints associated with the complete
join of antiwebs only. For antiwebs, the facet set reduces to rank constraints associated with single antiwebs by Wagler2004.
We extend this result to a larger graph class, the complements of fuzzy circular interval graphs, recently introduced in ChudnovskySeymour2004.
Received: November 2004 / Revised version: June 2005 相似文献
26.
Krzysztof Pawaowski 《K-Theory》1998,13(1):41-55
The paper presents a procedure for constructing smooth actions of finite perfect groups on spheres with fixed point sets having certain prescribed properties (Theorem A); in particular, having any prescribed configuration of Chern and Pontryagin numbers (Corollary C). The main ingredients used are equivariant thickening and equivariant surgery. 相似文献
27.
Two groups of 10 speech-language pathology graduate students were each given 7 weeks of singing lessons to determine whether voice lessons could have an effect on their clinical and perceptual skills. Pre-, mid-, and posttests to measure various skills were designed and implemented. With use of paired sample statistical testing, statistically significant results were obtained. In addition, the subjective responses of the students show that the lessons were effective in improving pitch perception, breath control, and legato production or easy onset. This study supports efforts to integrate curricula in vocal performance and speech-language pathology. 相似文献
28.
R. Grac M. Pugnet J.H. Collet B. Lambert C. De Matos H. L'Haridon A. Le Corre J.O. White 《Superlattices and Microstructures》1997,22(4):505-509
We report new results on the diffraction properties of photoinduced gratings in InGaAs/InGaAsP MQW structures. The original feature of this device is that the QWs are enclosed in an asymmetric Fabry–Perot microcavity in order to increase the diffraction efficiency. We observe oscillations in the diffraction efficiency due to resonant effects in the microcavity. The experimental spectra are compared with theory. Diffraction efficiency at 1.55 μm attains a maximum value of 2.7% at a write beam fluence of 260 μ J cm−2, and then decreases at higher fluences. We explain this phenomenon by an absorption saturation at high excitation. 相似文献
29.
Alexander P. Schuster 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》1997,125(6):1717-1725
Properties of the unions of sampling and interpolation sets for Bergman spaces are discussed in conjunction with the examples given by Seip (1993). Their relationship to the classical interpolation sequences is explored. In addition, the role played by canonical divisors in the study of these sets is examined and an example of a sampling set is constructed in the disk.
30.