Supercompactness and measurable limits of strong cardinals II: Applications to level by level equivalence

We construct models for the level by level equivalence between strong compactness and supercompactness in which for κ the least supercompact cardinal and δ ≤ κ any cardinal which is either a strong cardinal or a measurable limit of strong cardinals, 2^δ > δ ⁺ and δ is < 2^δ supercompact. In these models, the structure of the class of supercompact cardinals can be arbitrary, and the size of the power set of κ can essentially be made as large as desired. This extends and generalizes [5, Theorem 2] and [4, Theorem 4]. We also sketch how our techniques can be used to establish a weak indestructibility result. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

111In–L–LDL and 153Gd–L–LDL as radiotracers for detection of AR4‐2J rat pancreatic tumors

Pancreatic cancer has an extremely poor prognosis, due, in part, to lack of methods for early diagnosis. The present study was designed to evaluate the potential of labeling low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) with a radionuclide using a lipid chelating agent, bis(stearylamide) of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (L), to detect pancreatic tumors by gamma‐scintigraphy. Previous studies indicated that the difficulty of visualization of pancreatic tumors was due to their poor vascularization. This study compares the ability of two radiotracers, ¹¹¹In–L–LDL and ¹⁵³Gd–L–LDL to target highly vascularized rat pancreatic tumors (AR4‐2J) implanted in nude mice. Biodistribution studies showed that the tumor uptake of ¹¹¹In–L–LDL and ¹⁵³Gd–L–LDL tracers was twofold and fivefold higher respectively than with the controls (¹¹¹In citrate and ¹⁵³Gd citrate respectively). These tracers would thus be suitable for scintigraphic imaging. We show here that LDL could be employed as a delivery system for tracers such as ¹¹¹In or ¹⁵³Gd when these two radionuclides are complexed by a lipid‐chelating anchor, and that ¹¹¹In–L–LDL and ¹⁵³Gd–L–LDL enabled better visualization of the pancreatic tumor tissues, with a better result with ¹⁵³Gd–L–LDL. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Thickness of a silica-tethered poly(ethylene oxide) layer measured by spin labeling

EPR spectroscopy of labeled poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) grafted on silica has been used to characterize the conformation and local dynamics of the chains. Grafted molecules of MW 2000 with grafting ratios of 0.045, 0.057, 0.126, and 0.42 molecules/nm² were in contact with benzene. The mobility of the label was compared with that observed for solution of PEO from very diluted to highly concentrated and even bulk PEO. Thus, the concentration inside the grafted layer could be evaluated and also the thickness, which evolves rather linearly with the grafting ratio. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Colossal magnetoresistance manganites: A new approach

Manganites of the LA_1−x Ca _x MnO₃ family show a variety of new and poorly understood electronic, magnetic and structural effects. Here we outline a new approach recently proposed by us, where we argue that due to strong Jahn-Teller (JT) coupling with phonons the twofold degeneratee _g states at the Mn sites dynamically reorganize themselves into localised, JT polaronsl with exponentially small inter-site hopping, and band-like, nonpolaronic statesb, leading to anew 2-band model for manganites which includes strong Coulomb and Hund’s couplings. We also discuss some results from a dynamical mean-field theory treatment of the model which explains quantitatively a wide variety of experimental results, including insulator-metal transitions and CMR, in terms of the influence of physical conditions on the relative energies and occupation of thel andb states. We argue that this microscopic coexistence of the two types of electronic states, and their relative occupation and spatial correlation is the key to manganite physics. Dedicated to Professor C N R Rao on his 70th birthday     

基于褐藻酸钠-纳米金复合物作非酶标记的新型电化学免疫传感器的研制

比较了用三碘甲状腺氨酸抗体(T3抗体)、褐藻酸钠(AS)标记T3抗体及褐藻酸钠-纳米金复合物(ASN)标记的T3抗体,在通过免疫反应结合到免疫电极表面后,引起的电极表面微环境发生改变的程度;用Fe(CN)3-/4-6为电化学探针,用循环伏安法获取金电极表面微环境改变的电流信息来检测 T3抗体,检测的线性范围为100～1 600ng·ml-1,检出限为45ng·ml-1.     

Chemoenzymatic synthesis of [3,9-C]-labeled NeuAc and KDN

The chemoenzymatic synthesis of ¹³C-labeled sialic acid (NeuAc) and 3-deoxy-d-glycero-d-galacto-2-nonulosonic acid (KDN) as useful molecular probes for studying the conformation of sialyl or KDN oligosaccharides attached to proteins was performed by using [6-¹³C]-ManNAc, [6-¹³C]-Man and [3-¹³C]-pyruvic acid sodium salt. In the synthesis of the compounds, 5,6-anhydro intermediates were found to easily provide not only 6-¹³C-labeled but also 5-, and 6-modified NeuAc and KDN analogs. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that identical results are obtained by NMR for both [3,9-¹³C]-NeuAc and 1:1 mixtures of [3-¹³C]- and [9-¹³C]-NeuAc.     

A Testable Theory for the Emergence of the Classical World

The transition from the quantum to the classical world is not yet understood. Here, we take a new approach. Central to this is the understanding that measurement and actualization cannot occur except on some specific basis. However, we have no established theory for the emergence of a specific basis. Our framework entails the following: (i) Sets of N entangled quantum variables can mutually actualize one another. (ii) Such actualization must occur in only one of the 2^N possible bases. (iii) Mutual actualization progressively breaks symmetry among the 2^N bases. (iv) An emerging “amplitude” for any basis can be amplified by further measurements in that basis, and it can decay between measurements. (v) The emergence of any basis is driven by mutual measurements among the N variables and decoherence with the environment. Quantum Zeno interactions among the N variables mediates the mutual measurements. (vi) As the number of variables, N, increases, the number of Quantum Zeno mediated measurements among the N variables increases. We note that decoherence alone does not yield a specific basis. (vii) Quantum ordered, quantum critical, and quantum chaotic peptides that decohere at nanosecond versus femtosecond time scales can be used as test objects. (viii) By varying the number of amino acids, N, and the use of quantum ordered, critical, or chaotic peptides, the ratio of decoherence to Quantum Zeno effects can be tuned. This enables new means to probe the emergence of one among a set of initially entangled bases via weak measurements after preparing the system in a mixed basis condition. (ix) Use of the three stable isotopes of carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen and the five stable isotopes of sulfur allows any ten atoms in the test protein to be discriminably labeled and the basis of emergence for those labeled atoms can be detected by weak measurements. We present an initial mathematical framework for this theory, and we propose experiments.     

Selective lighting up of segments around Gly,Ala and Ser/Thr in proteins

Direct detection of ¹³C nucleus can be used as a valuable alternative where ¹H detection poses a challenge due to relaxation effects, chemical exchange and poor chemical shift dispersion. In this context, we have designed a suite of 2D ¹³C^α‐detected hNCA experiments that provide sequential correlations of ¹³C^α with ¹⁵N on one hand and efficient spectroscopic labeling of certain groups of residues, namely, Gly, Ala, Ser and Thr, on the other. These residues act as checkpoints in the sequential walk, which in turn offer new possibilities of backbone assignment of small proteins from a set of 2D experiments, thereby providing great economy in terms of spectrometer time. The direct identification of peptide segments around Gly, Ala, Ser and Thr residues along a protein chain will be highly valuable for deriving important information on sites of ligand binding, phosphorylation, inhibitor/substrate binding, understanding protein folding pathways, comprehending local conformational dynamics etc. without having to obtain complete sequence‐specific assignments, which can be time consuming and at times formidable, especially in large proteins. We have illustratively demonstrated the multifaceted applications of these variants of 2D experiments on ubiquitin and M‐crystallin. We foresee that these 2D hNCA experiments will provide economic and efficient strategies for studying the structure and function of proteins. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

密度矩阵重正化群的异构并行优化

密度矩阵重正化群方法（DMRG）在求解一维强关联格点模型的基态时可以获得较高的精度，在应用于二维或准二维问题时，要达到类似的精度通常需要较大的计算量与存储空间.本文提出一种新的DMRG异构并行策略，可以同时发挥计算机中央处理器（CPU）和图形处理器（GPU）的计算性能.针对最耗时的哈密顿量对角化部分，实现了数据的分布式存储，并且给出了CPU和GPU之间的负载平衡策略.以费米Hubbard模型为例，测试了异构并行程序在不同DMRG保留状态数下的运行表现，并给出了相应的性能基准.应用于4腿梯子时，观测到了高温超导中常见的电荷密度条纹，此时保留状态数达到10⁴，使用的GPU显存小于12 GB.     

The self-consistent mean spherical approximation for the one-component plasma

The consequences of choosing the adjustable hard-core diameter in the mean spherical approximation for the one-component plasma so as to achieve thermodynamic consistency between the energy and compressibility equations are investigated. Such a choice is found to be possible only for >8.5 and, although the resulting correlation functions are discontinuous, the height of the main peak in the static structure factor is remarkably accurate. Two especially noteworthy aspects of the thermodynamic results are that the compressibility equation is much more accurate than in any previous approximation free of input from computer simulations and that the nonstatic part of the internal energy has a ^1/4 dependence in the strong coupling limit in agreement with Monte Carlo data.