LES of turbulent heat transfer: proper convection numerical schemes for temperature transport

Large eddy simulations of two basic configurations (decay of isotropic turbulence, and the academic plane channel flow) with heat transfer have been performed comparing several convection numerical schemes, in order to discuss their ability to evaluate temperature fluctuations properly. Results are compared with the available incompressible heat transfer direct numerical simulation data. It is shown that the use of regularizing schemes (such as high order upwind type schemes) for the temperature transport equation in combination with centered schemes for momentum transport equation gives better results than the use of centred schemes for both equations. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

HL—1装置碳化和采用抽气孔栏时的可见辐射观测

本文描述了HL-1装置器壁碳化和采用抽气孔栏时,氢及杂质通量的变化情况;利用多道可见辐射的时空分布测量,得到了MARFE放电,在产生MARFE时,辐射热也相应增强。     

Solution of the hyperbolic mild‐slope equation using the finite volume method

A finite volume solver for the 2D depth‐integrated harmonic hyperbolic formulation of the mild‐slope equation for wave propagation is presented and discussed. The solver is implemented on unstructured triangular meshes and the solution methodology is based upon a Godunov‐type second‐order finite volume scheme, whereby the numerical fluxes are computed using Roe's flux function. The eigensystem of the mild‐slope equations is derived and used for the construction of Roe's matrix. A formulation that updates the unknown variables in time implicitly is presented, which produces a more accurate and reliable scheme than hitherto available. Boundary conditions for different types of boundaries are also derived. The agreement of the computed results with analytical results for a range of wave propagation/transformation problems is very good, and the model is found to be virtually paraxiality‐free. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Objective acoustic voice-quality parameters in the computer phonetogram

A phonetogram is a plot of the dynamic range of the voice as a function of fundamental frequency. Traditionally, the phonetogram only records the sound-pressure level (SPL) of the threshold of phonation and the upper limit in SPL the voice can reach with sustained phonation as a function of the fundamental frequency (F₀). In this study, the phonetogram is extended by including acoustic voice-quality parameters. Three additional parameters are tested: jitter, shimmer, and crest factor. For each individual voice, the variation in the three parameters is evaluated over the entire phonetogram area. By averaging individual phonetograms, standard or norm phonetograms are obtained revealing general patterns in voice-quality variation. These patterns reflect the complex relations between F₀, SPL, and the acoustic voice-quality parameters just mentioned. Jitter and shimmer distributions over the phonetogram show that large variations in perturbation values can be expected when production conditions are altered. Highest perturbation values are found for the low F₀ and low SPL phonations. For all voices, a gradual decrease of the crest factor is found with increasing F₀, reflecting the degrading of spectral complexity with F₀. The crest-factor parameter can also be used to mark those areas in the phonetogram where the fundamental dominates the waveform and where flow control is the main SPL regulating mechanism in voice production. The strong quality variations within the phonetogram stress the need for accurate control of F₀ and SPL in objective voice-quality measurement.     

旋转锥镜相机研测动态曲率和斜率

采用旋转锥镜相机，进行激光散斑剪切照相，研测缓慢变形物体的动态曲率和斜率。拍摄一张散斑图即可获得曲率和斜率动态变化的全过程。     

Progress on phthalocyanine-conjugated Ag and Au nanoparticles: Synthesis,characterization, and photo-physicochemical properties

Phthalocyanine (Pc) complexes are an important class of dyes with numerous (e.g., biological, photophysical, and analytical) applications. Among the methods used to improve the properties of these complexes, one should mention the introduction of different substituents, variation of the central metal ion, ligand exchange, and conjugation to nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based nanomaterials and metal nanoparticles (NPs)). This work briefly reviews Pc complex conjugation to Ag and Au NPs, highlights the different NP shapes, and discusses the diversity of conjugation approaches. Moreover, the use of UV–Vis spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to characterize Pc-NP hybrids is summarized. The effect of conjugation on Pc photo-physicochemical properties (fluorescence, singlet oxygen generation, triplet state formation, and optical limiting behavior) is discussed, and future perspectives for the synthesis and applications of new hybrids are provided.     

Bahadur efficiency and robustness of studentized score tests

We derive the exact Bahadur slopes of studentized score tests for a simple null hypothesis in a one-parameter family of distributions. The Student's t-test is included as a special case for which a recent result of Rukhin (1993, Sankhy Ser. A, 55, 159–163) was improved upon. It is shown that locally optimal Bahadur efficiency for one-sample location models with a known or estimated scale parameter is attained within the class of studentized score tests. The studentized test has an asymptotic null distribution free of the scale parameter, and the optimality of likelihood scores does not depend on the existence of a moment generating function. We also consider the influence function and breakdown point of such tests as part of our robustness investigation. The influence of any studentized score test is bounded from above, indicating certain degree of robustness of validity, but a bounded score function is needed to cap the influence from below and to ensure a high power breakdown point. We find that the standard Huber-type score tests are not only locally minimax in Bahadur efficiency, but also very competitive in global efficiency at a variety of location models.     

非结构网格边粘性公式

利用Kuropatenko提出的人为粘性形式和Christiansen建议的TVD(Total Variation Diminishing)输运限制子构造非结构网格边粘性,用最大角原则选择邻边构造限制子,研制包括边粘性的相容流体程序,给出边粘性与体粘性数值模拟比较,对Saltzman活塞问题、Noh问题进行数值实验.数值实验结果比较说明,非结构网格边粘性准确检出强速度梯度不存在的情形,减弱人为粘性力的作用,有效捕捉流体的激波间断,提高模拟精度.     

一端外伸梁对称弯曲弹性位移的置换法确定

置换法应用于求解一端外伸梁,在对称弯曲的条件下,根据直梁挠曲线所在平面内其与切线所成图形的边角几何关系,推导出求解该形梁的挠度和转角的置换法位移方程,其变量是相应的置换梁自由端的挠度、梁长、梁轴线位置坐标等. 对具体载荷梁的求解过程是：先以具体量值填充左、右置换梁自由端的挠度,再将其代入该置换法位移方程的统一表达式,即得到所求梁段的挠度、转角的方程全解. 所用的计算为代数方程的分式四则运算,只需挠曲线和叠加原理概念,无需积分,一般无需查挠度表,结果精确. 给出工程背景的算例.     

可控聚焦型减速场能量分析器的设计分析

基于之前减速电场能量分析的设计与实验,针对实验中出现的绝缘性不好、能量分辨率不高等问题,对原结构进行了改进与仿真分析,以更好地实现行波管电子枪电子注及注波互作用后电子注参数的精确测量和分析,为行波管的设计、性能改进和研制提供参考。该可控聚焦型减速场能量分析器结构将高压圆筒与减速栅网进行电气绝缘隔离,并在二者之间设置一个可控的小电压,产生的第二个静电透镜对发散的电子注产生加速会聚的作用,以削弱在第一个透镜聚焦作用的薄弱区域空间电荷效应及电子注发射角等因素对注发散的影响,调整粒子轨迹倾斜度和分辨率。同时,整体结构在不影响测试精度的情况下向小型化和轻型化发展。应用CST粒子工作室对不同粒子界面处粒子分布及整体场结构进行模拟,然后用Matlab软件进行数据处理并导出关键参数。着重分析结构性能的优化和提升在分辨率及半峰值全宽度等参数上的体现。结果表明该能量分析器适用于几keV到10 keV的强流电子注的测量。