Spherophylon,the concept of life at a level higher than that of the individual

A new term, spherophylon, indicates a unit of life higher than the individual level. To define this term, critical notes are given on the meaning of age in terms of life, the interrelationships among the elements of biodiversity, and an analogy of development between the multicellular body of an individual and the spherophylon. Life is compared at various levels; at the level of the cell, the individual as a multicellular organism, and the spherophylon. The biology of the spherophylon is discussed in the context of integrative biology.     

天津市各区县经济发展水平评价

本文试用主成分分析方法 ,对天津市 18个区县的经济发展情况做出综合评价 ,分析了各区县在天津的经济地位。并提出了利用聚类分析的方法来评价各区县经济地位等级的设想     

Phytotherapy in Integrative Oncology—An Update of Promising Treatment Options

Modern phytotherapy is part of today’s conventional evidence-based medicine and the use of phytopharmaceuticals in integrative oncology is becoming increasingly popular. Approximately 40% of users of such phytopharmaceuticals are tumour patients. The present review provides an overview of the most important plants and nature-based compounds used in integrative oncology and illustrates their pharmacological potential in preclinical and clinical settings. A selection of promising anti-tumour plants and ingredients was made on the basis of scientific evidence and therapeutic practical relevance and included Boswellia, gingko, ginseng, ginger, and curcumin. In addition to these nominees, there is a large number of other interesting plants and plant ingredients that can be considered for the treatment of cancer diseases or for the treatment of tumour or tumour therapy-associated symptoms. Side effects and interactions are included in the discussion. However, with the regular and intended use of phytopharmaceuticals, the occurrence of adverse side effects is rather rare. Overall, the use of defined phytopharmaceuticals is recommended in the context of a rational integrative oncology approach.     

Set-Wise Differential Interaction between Copy Number Alterations and Gene Expressions of Lower-Grade Glioma Reveals Prognosis-Associated Pathways

The integrative analysis of copy number alteration (CNA) and gene expression (GE) is an essential part of cancer research considering the impact of CNAs on cancer progression and prognosis. In this research, an integrative analysis was performed with generalized differentially coexpressed gene sets (gdCoxS), which is a modification of dCoxS. In gdCoxS, set-wise interaction is measured using the correlation of sample-wise distances with Renyi’s relative entropy, which requires an estimation of sample density based on omics profiles. To capture correlations between the variables, multivariate density estimation with covariance was applied. In the simulation study, the power of gdCoxS outperformed dCoxS that did not use the correlations in the density estimation explicitly. In the analysis of the lower-grade glioma of the cancer genome atlas program (TCGA-LGG) data, the gdCoxS identified 577 pathway CNAs and GEs pairs that showed significant changes of interaction between the survival and non-survival group, while other benchmark methods detected lower numbers of such pathways. The biological implications of the significant pathways were well consistent with previous reports of the TCGA-LGG. Taken together, the gdCoxS is a useful method for an integrative analysis of CNAs and GEs.     

建设项目投资风险指标及模糊综合度量的研究

风险管理是建设项目管理的一个非常重要的方面,而风险指标是反映建设项目风险状况进行风险分析的一个重要内容.许多的学者对风险指标做过研究,其中大部分涉及的是经济评价和财务评价指标,或者使用损失期望值和方差的代数运算作为指标.本文在分析及总结前人风险指标研究成果的基础上,提出建设项目成本、时间和财务三方面的有关风险指标,并给出各指标的说明和计算公式.为综合评价建设项目的风险,本文利用了效用理论的思想和模糊理论方法,并以实例说明此模糊综合评价的具体计算步骤.     

基于熵权的中国西部各省份科技实力综合评价

构建了西部十二省份科技实力综合评价的指标体系,运用基于熵值的赋权法对指标赋权,并采用线性加权模型进行加权综合评分.然后对各省份的综合科技实力以及各层次的科技实力进行比较和分析.为验证熵值法评价结果的可靠性,又将该方法的结论与用标准差系数法和主观赋权法的结论进行比较,发现熵值法与后两种方法得到的结论高度一致.说明熵值法的结论和由此展开的分析是可靠的,有价值的.     

我国东西部城市经济实力比较的主成分分析

本文运用主成分综合评价模型 ,对我国东、西部所辖 2 1个中心城市的 2 0 0 0年主要社会经济指标进行实证分析 ,给出这些城市经济发展水平的综合得分及其排序 ,进而对我国东、西部城市的经济实力进行定量比较 ,其结论得到系统聚类分析方法的印证     

新型航天器电气综合一体化架构研究

随着电子技术的发展,电子元器件的体积越来越小,处理器的运算能力越来越强,存储器的容量越来越大,总线的传输速率越来越高,电子设备的集成度越来越高,成本越来越低。在这样的背景下,航天器电气综合系统设计理念也在与时俱进,为降低电气系统体积重量和功耗,以提高航天器的任务能力,同时为加快研制进度,降低研制成本,迫切需要开展新型航天器电气综合一体化架构研究,这篇文章主要对比国外航空航天领域飞行器先进电气综合系统架构,分析了目前国内航天器电气系统综合设计中存在的缺陷和弊端,结合我国未来新型航天器对电气综合系统的需求,提出了我国新一代航天器电气综合系统一体化设计的基本原则,并对系统软硬件体系架构及具体的功能实现方式进行了初步的设想。     

Modeling hydrogen exchange of proteins by a multiscale method

We proposed a practical way for mapping the results of coarse-grained molecular simulations to the observables in hydrogen change experiments. By combining an atomic-interaction based coarse-grained model with an all-atom structure reconstruction algorithm, we reproduced the experimental hydrogen exchange data with reasonable accuracy using molecular dynamics simulations. We also showed that the coarse-grained model can be further improved by imposing experimental restraints from hydrogen exchange data via an iterative optimization strategy. These results suggest that it is feasible to develop an integrative molecular simulation scheme by incorporating the hydrogen exchange data into the coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations and therefore help to overcome the accuracy bottleneck of coarse-grained models.