Analysis of concentration patterns in volcanic rocks: Insights into dynamics of highly explosive volcanic eruptions

In this contribution we present new data resulting from the analysis of concentration patterns of mixed juvenile fragments ejected by a highly explosive volcanic eruption that occurred on Salina Island (Aeolian Islands, Italy) and our aim is to identify the fluid-dynamic regime characterizing the magma mixing process. Concentration patterns are studied by calculating the power spectrum of concentration variability along transects crossing the magma mixing structures. Results indicate that the slope of power spectrum has an average value of about −5/3, according to Kolmogorov law of turbulence, and suggest that the magma mixing process, in the studied conditions, can be approximated by considering the passive scalar mixing hypothesis in homogeneous isotropic turbulent flow. These results represent a first step towards a better understanding of magma mixing processes associated to highly explosive volcanic eruptions and this first step is taken by studying concentration patterns in volcanic rocks by coupling petrological and non-linear dynamics methods.     

On the evolution of two-dimensional patterns in an inviscid liquid sheet

We perform an analysis of the pattern formation for a moving sheet of inviscid fluid. The sheet, which is assumed to have an infinite horizontal extent, moves at some prescribed velocity into a passive surrounding gas. The sheet’s thickness is assumed much smaller than the horizontal scale of the fluid motion. By considering a system that is symmetric with respect to the horizontal planes, long scale asymptotics are used to reduce the full governing equations in three dimensions to a set of three coupled nonlinear partial differential equations for the horizontal components of the velocity field and the height of the interface profile. The interfacial conditions consisting of the kinematic and normal stress balance are incorporated into these evolution equations. Investigations are carried out as function of the sole dimensionless parameter, namely the Weber number. A small amplitude stability analysis around the planar gas–liquid interface reveals that wave patterns in the form of traveling plane waves occur subcritically, and are therefore unstable. The reduced evolution equations are solved numerically for fixed values of the Weber number. Since the reduced system of equations is homogeneous, the wave motion is generated by initial conditions. Five initial conditions have been imposed: one-dimensional rolls, two-dimensional squares, two-dimensional hexagons, two-dimensional ridges, and smooth peaks. The ensuing evolution of the liquid sheet’s shape and corresponding flow fields are described by illustrations of the changes in the sheet’s morphology with time.     

利用DPN技术直接构建磁性纳米图形

在纳米尺度下构建有序的磁性模板和图形是当前的研究热点之一 [1,2 ] .这种模板在生物样品的分离[1] 、磁电子学研究和信息存储 [2 ] 等领域具有重要意义 .目前 ,光刻 [3] 、微触点印刷 [4 ] 和自组装 [5] 等多项技术已被用来构建各种纳米模板 .1 999年 ,美国西北大学 Mirkin小组 [6 ]发明的 Dip- pen纳米刻蚀技术 (简称 DPN技术 )更在可控组装方面显示出巨大优越性 .这项技术是在一定驱动力作用下 ,使吸附在原子力显微镜 ( AFM)针尖上的分子“墨水”逐渐转移到基底表面上 ,实现纳米模板的可控构建 .与传统技术相比 ,DPN技术可在纳米尺…     

斜入射激光超声体波声场的实验研究

为研究微烧蚀状态下圆形光斑斜入射时激光超声声场的指向性,使用脉冲激光辐照半圆柱形铝质工件表面,并使用压电探头和电磁超声探头分别接收纵波和横波信号。根据速度参数确定了超声信号的类型,提取了信号的峰-峰值,并绘制出声场指向性曲线。通过分析获得以下结论：激光斜入射角度在0~60范围内变化时,纵波声场的声束轴线方向保持不变,且与工件内法线平行;另外,横波声场的峰-峰值仍然在35的方向上取最大值,但是横波指向图形的主瓣易受激光入射方向的影响,当倾斜角度大于等于45时,横波主瓣的范围变得较宽。     

Stability of the FID sensitivity during an analysis in capillary GC

The sensitivity of an FID may change when the carrier gas flow rate changes during a chromatographic run. Sample parts which are eluted at reduced FID sensitivity produce a reduced peak area, hence are discriminated as compared to other components. Sensitivity changes were studied for hydrogen as carrier gas. For the detector tested, differences in the carrier gas flow rates of 1 ml/min shifted the FID sensitivity by 1 to 5% (depending on the fuel gas supply). Thus the stability of the sensitivity is no longer ensured as soon as the carrier gas flow rate is changed manually or by an automatic programmer during an analysis. Sensitivity drifts may also occur during temperature programmed runs with a pressure regulated carrier gas supply since the gas flow through the capillary drops with increasing temperature. Such shifts in the response became noticeable as soon as relatively high carrier gas flow rates combined with long range temperature programmes were used. The typical patterns of such discriminations are shown, closing with a discussion on the possibilities for minimizing such undesired effects.     

基于表面起皱法的梯度图案的可控制备

报道了基于非刻蚀法的表面起皱机制来实现高分子薄膜表面的周期性梯度图案的简单可控制备.即对于处于机械拉伸状态的聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)弹性基底,在其底部垫入"积木",而后对其进行紫外-臭氧(UVO)和氧等离子体(OP)的联合表面处理."积木"的加入引起了表面处理后表面硅氧层(SiOx)梯度厚度的形成,进而当释放拉伸应变后,诱导产生了梯度皱纹图案.结果表明:当UVO与OP联用处理时,不仅实现了较小拉伸应变下梯度皱纹形貌的制备,而且扩大了UVO单独使用时梯度皱纹周期的变化范围.通过OP与UVO的处理顺序和处理时间等因素的简单调节,进一步实现了不同梯度皱纹微结构的精细构筑.     

Atomic force microscopy investigation of growth process of organic TCNQ aggregates on SiO2 and mica substrates

<正>Deposition patterns of tetracyanoquinodimethane(TCNQ) molecules on different surfaces are investigated by atomic force microscopy.A homemade physical vapour deposition system allows the better control of molecule deposition. Taking advantage of this system,we investigate TCNQ thin film growth on both SiO_2 and mica surfaces.It is found that dense island patterns form at a high deposition rate,and a unique seahorse-like pattern forms at a low deposition rate.Growth patterns on different substrates suggest that the fractal pattern formation is dominated by molecule-molecule interaction.Finally,a phenomenal "two-branch" model is proposed to simulate the growth process of the seahorse pattern.     

象山港海底沉积物中重金属的赋存形态

以象山港海底沉积物为研究对象,采用了五步连续萃取法对象山港区域表层沉积物中重金属(Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)赋存形态进行了研究,分析了各形态重金属在象山港不同采样点中的分布特征和影响因素.结果表明,象山港海域表层沉积物中各重金属元素主要来源于自然输入的残留态,人为输入的各种活性形态所占比例相对较少,但受两种因素的影响的差...