THE ANALYSES OF THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRESS STRUCTURE NEAR THE CRACK TIP OF MODE I CT SPECIMENS IN ELASTICPLASTIC STATE(Ⅰ)—THE ANALYSES OF CONSTRAINT PARAMETERS AND FRACTURE PARAMETERS

In the present paper, three dimensional analyses of some general constraint parameters and fracture parameters near the crack tip. of Mode I CT specimens in two different thicknesses are carried out by employing ADINA program. The results reveal that the constraints along the thickness direction are obviously separated into two parts: the keeping similar high constraint field (Z₁) and rapid reducing constraints one (Z₂). The two fields are experimentally confiremed to correspond to the smooth region and the shear lip on the fracture face respectively. So the three dimensional stress structure of Mode I specimens can be derived through discussing the two fields respectively. The distribution of the Crack Tip Opening Displacement (CTOD) along the thickness direction and the three dimensional distribution of the void growth ratio (V_g) near the crack tip are also obtained. The two fracture parameters are in similar trends along the thickness direction, and both of them can reflect the effect of thickness and that of the loading level to a certain degree.     

Morphological evolution during diffusive healing of internal cracks within grains of α-iron

Micron-sized internal cracks were introduced into rounded bars of pure iron by low cycle fatigue, and the cracks had irregular penny-shaped morphology with the critical diameter of about 30μm and the thickness of 0.5–1.5μm. The initiation and propagation of the cracks were investigated quantitatively as well as their location and geometry. After vacuum annealing of the samples fatigued, the morphology in a two-dimensional longitudinal section of cracks within grains had evolved from initially elliptical one into arrays of spherical voids controlled by surface diffusion. Furthermore, a typical morphology for a broken crack with a center spherical void surrounded by outer doughnut-like cavities was observed along a perpendicular section of the specimen. Subsequently the spherical voids shrink and diminish gradually dominated by bulk diffusion. A physical model to heal an internal microcrack was proposed, in particular for the various healing stages controlled by the related dominant diffusion mechanism and their dependencies upon the morphology and geometry of an original micro-crack in materials. The project supported by the National Outstanding Young Investigator Grant of China (59925104) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59889101)     

Ф400mm直拉硅单晶生长过程中氧浓度对微缺陷影响的数值模拟

针对大直径直拉硅的微缺陷控制问题,模拟研究了初始氧浓度对于直径400 mm直拉硅单晶生长过程中原生点缺陷、空洞和氧沉淀演变规律。结果表明:晶体生长过程中氧沉淀和空洞的浓度及尺寸受晶体所经历的热历史和初始氧浓度的共同影响。当温度降低时,氧沉淀和空洞浓度降低,空洞尺寸增大,氧沉淀尺寸随初始氧浓度不同变化规律相异。在较低初始氧浓度时,随温度降低氧沉淀尺寸减小,在较高氧浓度时,氧沉淀尺寸增加。在相同热条件下,高温时,随初始氧浓度增加,空洞浓度先降低后升高,随后又继续降低;低温时,空洞浓度先不变后降低。     

直拉单晶硅生长时空洞演化的相场模拟

为研究大直径直拉硅生长时空洞的演化规律,建立了与有限元模型所模拟的晶体生长温度场相结合的空洞演化相场模型,并应用该模型模拟研究了空洞形貌及其分布状态的变化过程以及不同初始点缺陷浓度对空洞演化的影响规律.结果表明:直拉硅单晶生长过程中,空洞的演化经历了孕育-形核-长大-稳定四个阶段,其形貌和分布状态亦由孤立的球形向偏聚的串珠形转变;与较低的点缺陷浓度相比,初始点缺陷浓度较高时,空洞的数目、平均尺寸、面积分数普遍较大,孕育阶段缩短、形核和长大阶段延长;空洞的偏聚及合并、长大的现象显著;当温度低于980 K时,大直径的空洞数目不再增加.     

邻域可变技术及其在闭穴滑移计算中的应用

基于任意多边形网格邻域可变技术,提出一种针对多介质带有间隙计算模型的闭穴滑移计算方法,实现了复杂工程中带有间隙问题的数值模拟.该方法避免了传统算法中以直代曲的缺陷,克服了传统方法由于网格扭曲变形带来的接触点求解的困难.数值模拟结果验证了方法的可行性,体现了算法对间隙闭穴的无缝连接特点.     

Selenacalix[4]dithienothiophene: Synthesis,Structure, and Complexation of a Cyclic Tetramer of Selenide‐Bridging Dithienothiophene

An efficient cyclization toward a cyclic tetramer of dithienothiophene (DTT) linked by divalent selenium atoms has been developed via palladium‐catalyzed coupling reaction of (nBu₃Sn)₂Se. X‐ray analysis revealed its highly symmetrical structure had an alternate arrangement of DTT units. There are several Se???π interactions forming a supramolecular network leading to large void channel space. The cyclic tetramer possesses moderate electron‐donating ability. Furthermore, the cyclic tetramer undergoes complexation with C₆₀ in a 1:2 ratio in the solid state to give a highly symmetrical three‐dimensional array of C₆₀.     

超弹性矩形板单向拉伸时微孔的增长*

本文研究了含中心微孔的超弹性矩形板在单向拉伸时的有限变形和受力分析.为了考察微孔的存在对矩形板变形和应力的影响,将问题化成一个超弹性环形板的变形和受力分析,并用最小势能原理得到变分近似解.进行了数值计算,分析了微孔的增长情况.     

带空洞损伤的古典压力容器问题

本文根据微弹性结构线性理论研究了带空洞损伤的压力容器问题．解答是准静态的，其应力场为古典弹性力学关于球体对称压力容流问题应力解答，位移场和损伤场具有由于考虑损伤而表现出体积粘弹性特点．     

不同重力下90°弯管内气液两相流流型及流动特性研究

研究了不同重力条件下90°弯管内气液两相流流型分布形态及流动特性. 通过建立90°弯管内气液两相流流动的三维数学物理模型,采用VOF 方法,对10-6g₀, 10-4g₀, 10-2g₀, 1g₀ (g₀= 9.8m/s2) 重力下的90°弯管内气液两相流流型分布特征、截面空隙率、滑速比及气相尾部最大斜向角进行了比较分析. 研究结果表明:所建立的模型能够正确模拟不同重力条件下90°弯管内气液两相流流型和截面空隙率,并得到气液两相弯管二次流与单相二次流的不同特性. 随着重力水平的提高,90°弯管对气相流型的影响作用减弱,气相整体向弯管内侧积聚靠拢,弯管对尾部的斜向作用减弱.      

三轴应力场中不同形状孔洞的长大及其新模型

对不同形状孔洞在从光滑试样到裂纹试样这样广泛三轴应力场中的长大规律,本文通过控制体胞宏观应力三维度的方法进行了精确的有限元分析,计算结果表明：（1）孔洞的体积改变和形状变化是孔洞演化的两种基本机制,在不同的三轴应力场中,这两种机制的作用不同;（2）现有模型对孔洞长大规律的描述是不准确的,由它们得到的临界孔洞扩张比参数HGC与临界孔洞体积分数fc不具备一一对应关系,因此不以很好地反映也洞的实际扩张。在此基础上,提出了一个描述孔洞长大的新模型,与四种常用的现有模型相比,该模型不仅能更好地描述不同三轴应力场中孔洞的长大,而且能反映不同应力三维度水平下材料破坏模式的变化。