爆轰驱动的飞片熵增

在高能炸药与飞片直接接触的能量转换装置中,炸药爆轰推动飞片,飞片获得动能的同时,其熵值亦增加。本文数值模拟计算了平面一维系统。计算结果给出,适当选取空腔长度和飞片厚度,可实现飞片熵增明显下降的同时,飞片获得的动能不仅不减少还有一定的增加。     

Structural function theory of generalized variational principles for linear elastic materials with voids

In this paper,we have obtained generalized variational principles for linear elasticmaterials with voids from structural function theory.Correspondent relations betweenstructural functions and generalized variational principles are given.     

The growth of the void in a hyperelastic rectangular plate under a uniaxial extension

In the present paper, the finite deformation and stress analysis for a hyperelastic rectangular plate with a center void under a uniaxial extension is studied. In order to consider the effect of the existence of the void on the deformation and stress of the plate, the problem is reduced to the deformation and stress analysis for a hyperelastic annular plate and its approximate solution is obtained from the minimum potential energy principle. The growth of the cavitation is also numerically computed and analysed.Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China     

A matrix method of displacement analysis of the general spatial 7R mechanism

An input-output equation of the general spatial 7R mechanism is derived in this paper by using the method in [1] and applying the rotation matrices. The result is the same as [2], but the process of derivation is simpler. Applying the character of rotation matrices, it is not difficult to obtain the recurrence formulas of direction cosines of Cartesian unit vectors, to calculate the scalar products and triple products of these unit vectors, and to derive the 6th constraint equation. Moreover, an algorithm, which consists of successive applications of row transformation and expansion based on Laplace’s Theorem, is given to evaluate the 16 × 16 determinant according to its characteristic, so that the evaluation is much simplified.     

EULERIAN–LAGRANGIAN COMPUTATIONS ON PHASE DISTRIBUTION OF TWO-PHASE BUBBLY FLOWS

A comprehensively theoretical model is developed and numerically solved to investigate the phase distribution phenomena in a two-dimensional, axisymmetric, developing, two-phase bubbly flow. The Eulerian approach treats the fluid phase as a continuum and solved Eulerian conservation equations for the liquid phase. The Lagrangian bubbles are tracked by solving the equation of motion for the gas phase. The interphase momentum changes are included in the equations. The numerical model successfully predicts detailed flow velocity profiles for both liquid and gas phases. The development of the wall-peaking phenomenon of the void fraction and velocity profiles is also characterized for the developing flow. For 42 experiments in which the mean void fraction is less than 20 per cent, numerical calculations demonstrate that the predictions agree well with Liu's experimental data. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

孔洞和空位对单晶铝力学性能影响的分子动力学研究

采用分子动力学方法模拟含孔洞的单晶铝单轴拉伸过程,研究晶向、孔洞体积分数、空位体积分数等对孔洞生长的影响.结果表明：对于不同的晶向,决定孔洞生长变形的微观机制不同.[010]晶向单轴拉伸情况下,形变机制主要是｛111｝面位错引起的堆垛层错;[111]晶向单轴拉伸情况下,形变机制主要是位错的移动、堆积与发射.此外,孔洞及空位的体积分数对[010]、[111]晶向的孔洞生长过程也有着明显的影响.总的来说,随着孔洞或者空位体积分数的增加,材料的杨氏模量变小,屈服强度、屈服应变下降.     

冲击加载下铝中氦泡和孔洞的塑性变形特征研究

通过分子动力学模拟研究了在相同冲击加载强度下单晶铝中氦泡和孔洞的塑性变形特征,结果发现氦泡和孔洞的塌缩是由发射剪切型位错环引起的,而没有观测到棱锥型位错环发射. 氦泡和孔洞周围的位错优先成核位置基本一致,但是氦泡周围发射的位错环数目比孔洞多,位错环发射速度明显比孔洞快. 且氦泡和孔洞被冲击波先扫过部分比后扫过部分发射位错困难. 通过滑移面上的分解应力分析发现,氦泡和孔洞周围塑性特征的差别是由于氦泡内压引起最大分解应力分布改变造成的. 氦泡和孔洞被冲击波先后扫过部分塑性不对称是因为冲击波扫过时引起形状变化, 关键词： 分子动力学 冲击波 氦泡 孔洞     

幂强化材料和超弹性材料组合球体中孔穴的动态生成

在简单加载条件下,研究幂强化材料和超弹性材料组合球体中的动态孔穴生成和增长问题,首先在有限变形动力学的框架下建立了相应的非线性数学模型,得到了应力的表达式,利用变量变换的方法求得了外加载荷和孔穴半径之间的一个精确的微分关系式,证明了当突加载荷超过其临界值时,球体内部有孔穴的突然生成,并随时间呈现非线性的周期振动．通过数值计算,分析了材料参数和球体的半径比对孔穴生成和增长的影响,并与相应的静态结果进行了比较．结果发现,惯性力的影响降低孔穴生成的临界载荷,而且材料的塑性对孔穴生成和增长有明显的影响．     

微量稀土对奥氏体耐热钢高温力学性能的影响

研究了微量稀土对Cr21Ni11N奥氏体耐热不锈钢高温热塑性及高温持久性能的影响.结果表明:在750～1250℃范围内,稀土显著提高耐热钢的热塑性,消除800℃的塑性低凹区,扩宽安全热加工温度范围近75℃.稀土显著延长耐热钢的高温持久寿命约3～5倍,并提高持久断裂塑性.钢中添加稀土后,其蠕变断裂机制由楔形裂纹为主的机制逐渐转变为空洞裂纹为主的机制,高温持久断口附近的楔形裂纹明显减少,且断口呈典型的韧窝状塑性断口特征.