孔洞对FeCrNiCoCu高熵合金拉伸性能影响的分子动力学研究

孔洞是FeCrNiCoCu高熵合金在制备过程中常见的缺陷,为此本文利用分子动力学模拟方法构建含孔洞的FeCrNiCoCu模型进行单轴拉伸模拟,探究了孔洞位置、孔洞半径和变形温度对其力学性能的影响.研究发现,在Z轴晶向为[111]的晶体中和晶界处的孔洞会显著降低模型的屈服应变和屈服强度,但对模型的杨氏模量影响不大.随着晶界处孔洞半径的增大,在弹性阶段,孔洞半径增大使应力集中面积增大,有利于位错形核,模型的力学性能随之降低.在塑性变形阶段,随着孔洞半径的增大,初始位错更倾向于向Z轴晶向为[001]的晶体中扩展.在中、低温条件下(T<800K),模型保持良好的力学性能;在高温条件下,力学性能显著降低.在高温塑性变形阶段,模型中的总位错线长度较低,平均流变应力也较低.     

A microscopic damage model considering the change of void shape and application in the void closing

A microscopic damage model of ellipsoidal body containing ellipsoidal void for nonlinear matrix materials is developed under a particular coordinate. The change of void shape is considered in this model. The viscous restrained equation obtained from the model is affected by stress ∑_(ij), void volume fraction f, material strain rate exponent m as well as the void shape. Gurson's equation is modified from the numerical solution. The modified equation is suitable for the case of nonlinear matrix materials and changeable voids. Lastly, the model is used to analyze the closing process of voids.     

一种基于空穴聚集的层裂模型

基于如下假设,给出了层裂过程中的应力松弛方程,并建立了一种基于空穴聚集的延性层裂模型：在层裂早期,微空穴的主要效应是减小应力作用面积;在层裂后期,应力按空穴聚集时的应力-空隙度依赖关系减小。把P.F.Thomason、D.L.Tonks等及S.Cochran等给出的依赖于应力（压力）的层裂空隙度方程分别耦合于守恒方程、计及损伤的状态方程及本构方程,建立了求解所有变量包括损伤的封闭方程组。这种基于空穴聚集的层裂模型已被应用于一维层裂试验的数值模拟。模型中的层裂强度及临界损伤度初始可以估计,最终的确定将使数值模拟结果与实测的速度（或应力）剖面以及观测的层裂面上的损伤基本一致。分别基于D.L.Tonk等及S.Cochran等给出的依赖于压力的层裂空隙度方程所作的一维层裂试验数值模拟结果基本一致,而与基于P.F.Thomason给出的依赖于应力的层裂空隙度方程所作的相应数值模拟结果有明显差异。     

Low-frequency model of a granular medium saturated with a viscous fluid

A mathematical model of a granular medium saturated with a viscous homogeneous fluid is constructed. The steady-state one-dimensional oscillations of cylindrical granules and an incompressible fluid under the action of a plane sonic wave whose length is significantly greater than the cell dimensions are investigated. The steady-state flow of the medium across the cell cross-section and the mean fluid velocity (Darcy’s law) are determined by means of passages to the limits with respect to the frequency and granule mass. The expressions obtained for the soil permeability coefficient under the action of a gravitational hydraulic head are compared with the representations of other authors.     

Effect of protein denaturation on void fraction in foam separation column

Foam fractionation is a cost-effective process that uses air to extract protein from a liquid (in this case “crude” dilute egg-albumin solution). This article deals with how the void fraction (fraction of air in the aerated solution) of foam is affected by heat denaturation of the protein. A 2-mm glass tube was used to sample the foam-liquid interface fluid in a 35-mm-diameter column in order to detect small changes in void fraction and foam production, which are not easily detected directly from the bulk foam. The main control variablein this study was the protein solution preheating time. As the preheating time increased, the initial void fraction in the column decreased. The initial void fraction of the undenatured solution ranged from about 0.73 to 0.80, and the void fraction for significant preheating times of 5 min ranged from approx 0.68 to 0.72. Furthermore, the period of foam production increased from 5 to 7 min for undenatured proteins in solution to as long 15 min for 5-min preheated solutions. Side-port sampling through a small capillary tube has the potential to be used as a rapid and inexpensive way to determine the level of protein denaturation by directly determining the void fraction and then estimating the effect of denaturation from a protein denaturation calibration curve of the void fraction.     

多孔钼烧结体的静压p-V特性研究

 利用中等密度的多孔钼烧结体进行了中、低静压全程加载-卸载实验。研究了在不同直径（特别是较大尺寸）和不同初始密度时该材料的静压p-V特性曲线。实验发现，样品初始密度不同应变也不同；卸载曲线几乎不受样品初始密度、直径的影响。计算表明，泡沫钼在静压下具有较高的吸能性，吸能效率较高，但预压后的泡沫钼吸能性和吸能效率均有所下降。     

Analytical model of dislocation nucleation on a near-surface void under tensile surface stress

We have analyzed in detail the mechanism leading to tip growth on a surface which operates via nucleation of dislocations on a near-surface void under tensile surface stress. We derived a simplified analytical model describing the relevant physical factors related to the observed linearity between the void radius and the maximum depth of the void for the growth to occur. The model is based on the direct numerical calculation of atomic level stresses in the simulated system. Based on the present model we can estimate this maximum depth for a void of a certain size under a given stress in the size range which is beyond the feasibility of the molecular dynamics simulation method.     

基于微孔洞长大惯性机制的动态拉伸断裂模型构建

 采用圆柱体胞模型分析方法,对球形微孔洞在不同加载应变率条件下的动力学响应行为进行了有限元分析,计算结果表明：在微孔洞稳定增长阶段,惯性对微孔洞的快速增长起着关键性作用,其它因素的影响基本可以忽略,微孔洞半径增长率与平均应力的平方根成正比。提出了一个微孔洞增长惯性机制的损伤度演化方程,结合逾渗软化函数描述微孔洞聚集行为,从而构建了一个新的动态拉伸断裂模型,并通过自定义材料模型子程序,把断裂模型嵌入LS-DYNA程序中,对无氧铜平板撞击层裂实验进行了数值模拟研究,计算结果与实验结果的比较令人满意,初步检验了新模型的实用性。     

铝合金 2A12韧性断裂机制的实验研究

用轴对称圆棒静拉伸实验研究了铝合金2A12韧性断裂的特点,并探讨了临界空穴扩张比参数-VGC在实验材料上的适用性。实验测试了实验材料的拉伸特性参数及VGC参数。实验证实实验材料在不同应力状态下会发生断裂形式的转变,光滑试样表现为剪切破坏,而缺口试样为拉伸破坏,VGC参数对材料的断裂形式较为敏感。用SEM观测了试样断口显示缺口试样为空穴聚合型断裂机制。VGC参数只适用于以拉伸型断裂为主的缺口试样,对以剪切断裂为主的光滑拉伸试样不适用。