新型焦电联产系统集成与特性分析

本文针对传统焦炭生产工艺的不足、并应用联产系统整合思路,研究提出新型焦炭动力联产系统.新系统取消了传统炼焦工艺中直接燃用焦炉煤气为炭化室提供炼焦热量的方式,采用外置煤炭燃烧室提供热量,从而实现用低品质煤炭替代高品质焦炉煤气;节省下来的富氢、高热值的焦炉煤气作为燃料提供给联合循环,实现高效洁净发电;改进炼焦过程烟气废热回收方式,使得排烟损失大大降低.分析结果表明,新系统具有优良的热力性能,相对节能率高达15%左右.对系统关键过程的图像(火用)分析分析表明,燃烧过程和换热过程等变革与改进是系统性能提升的关键所在.本文研究将为冶金生产的可持续发展提供新思路与新系统方案.     

基于多物理场模拟的低水甲烷燃料固体氧化物燃料电池的抗积碳阳极设计

本文采用与实验I-V曲线高度吻合的多物理场全耦合数值模型来模拟低水甲烷燃料SOFC的运行过程. 基于抗积碳电流密度实验数据推导出的动力学积碳活性判据,利用多场耦合数值模型系统研究了电池工作参数和阳极扩散阻碍层厚度对阳极积碳倾向的影响. 仿真模拟揭示了燃料利用率、电流密度、扩散阻碍层厚度和电池工作电压的相互关系. 结果表明,在阳极添加400 um厚的扩散阻碍层是实现SOFC高功率密度和不积碳运行的最优设计. 这种阳极结构设计对实现高效率低成本的SOFC技术具有重要意义.     

MnO2-0.39IrOx复合氧化物用于酸性介质中水氧化反应的性能

通过Adams方法成功制备MnO₂-0.39IrO_x(0.39为Ir/Mn的原子比)催化剂并将其用于酸性介质中高效析氧反应(OER)。电化学测试发现,MnO₂-0.39IrO_x仅需253 mV的过电势即可驱动10 mA·cm^-2的水氧化电流密度,并可稳定运行200 h。在1.50 V(vs RHE)电势下,MnO₂-0.39IrO_x的贵金属Ir的质量活性为61.3 mA·mg^-1,是IrO₂的35.8倍,说明MnO₂掺杂大大提升了贵金属利用率。结构分析发现MnO₂-0.39IrO_x独特的片状结构大幅度提高了催化剂的电化学活性表面积,并且Ir位点与Mn位点之间存在一定的电子相互作用。催化过程分析表明,MnO₂-0.39IrO_x表面出现一定的重构现象,并且Mn组分对Ir位点的化学环境实现了持续优化,从而实现了催化剂的高效酸性OER性能。     

A segmentation based channel scheduling scheme for improving channel utilization in OBS networks

Channel scheduling is an important aspect in optical burst switching (OBS) networks. OBS is a promising solution for the future Internet backbone. In OBS network a key issue is data channel scheduling. In this paper we propose a channel scheduling scheme to optimize channel utilization for OBS networks with segmentation. In this paper, we propose an efficient way to organize the void intervals. The channel scheduling method is compared with existing scheduling schemes. Simulation results show that both channel utilization and burst loss ratio performance improved as compared to existing scheduling schemes.     

浙江省常山县草坡资源及其合理利用

草坡是常山县的现状植被类型之一，是一项重要的自然资源.本文分析了草坡的类型、结构特点和分布规律以及形成原因和演替途径并据此提出三点合理利用的意见.     

河南省煤矸石成分测定与综合利用

探讨了煤矸石成分的分析方法,对河南省19个主要大中型煤矿的煤矸石进行了主成分和微量元素分析,提出了对河南省煤矸石综合利用的参考性建议.     

太阳能转换过程中的高分子应用

近年来,在太阳能利用的科学领域内,高分子材料得到了广泛的应用。本文从太阳能工艺学和太阳能转换两个方面对此问题作了介绍和讨论。     

High photosynthetic productivity of green microalga Chlorella sorokiniana

The batch culture of a newly isolated strain of a green microalga, Chlorella sorokiniana, was carried out using a conical helical tubular photobioreactor. The isolate was capable of good growth at 40°C under an airstream enriched with 10% CO₂. The maximum photosynthetic productivity was 34.4g of dry biomass/(m² of installation area · d) (12-h light/12-h dark cycle) when the cells were illuminated with an average photosynthetic photon flux density (photosynthetically active radiation ([PAR] 400–700 nm) simulating the outdoors in central Japan (0.980 mmol photons/[m²·s]). This corresponded to a photosynthetic efficiency of 8.67% (PAR), which was defined as the percentage of the light energy recovered as biomass (394 kJ/[reactor·d]) to the total light energy received (4545 kJ/[reactor·d]). A similarly high photosynthetic efficiency (8.12% [PAR]) was also attained in the combined presence of 10% CO₂, 100 ppm of NO, and 25 ppm of SO₂. Moreover, good photosynthetic productivity was also obtained under high temperature and high light intensity conditions (maximum temperature, 46.5°C; 1.737 mmol photons/[m²·s]), when simulating the strong irradiance of the midday summer sun. This strain thus appears well suited for practical application for converting CO₂ present in the stack gases emitted by thermal power plants and should be feasible even during the hot summer weather.     

Factors affecting glycerol production byPichia farinosa under alkaline conditions

Glycerol is an important and valuable chemical that can be produced from renewable resources by fermentation. The desirable features of a successful process are high values of substrate conversions and high yields and concentrations of glycerol in the product broth, coupled with rapid fermentation cycles. Of the various osmophilic and nonosmophilic yeasts tested for their ability to produce glycerol in the presence and absence of steering agents (sodium sulfite or sodium carbonate), an osmophilic yeastPichia farinosa (ATCC 20210) was found to give attractive yields. Important variables influencing glycerol production by this strain under alkaline conditions using sodium carbonate have been investigated. A rapid fermentation (less than 120 h), coupled with high glycerol yields (45%), has been obtained.     

秸秆发酵燃料乙醇关键问题及其进展

利用木质纤维素原料生产燃料乙醇是国际公认的难题。本文从秸秆原料组分不均一性出发,分析了秸秆难以高值化原因;进一步分析了秸秆酶解发酵燃料乙醇的关键问题,介绍了有关秸秆原料预处理、纤维素酶生产、秸秆酶解发酵乙醇和产业化示范工程等的进展。秸秆酶解发酵燃料乙醇产业化示范工程具有自主知识产权,为实现我国秸秆转化燃料乙醇的规模化、产业化、低成本生产奠定了基础。