Transamidation Catalyzed by a Recoverable and Reusable PolyDMAP‐Based Hafnium Chloride and Montmorillonite KSF

In this article, we described the use of an easily available polymer‐based hafnium chloride and montmorillonite KSF catalyst (HfCl₄/KSF‐polyDMAP) in transamidation under relatively mild conditions. This metal catalyst can be easily recovered and reused in this reaction to give the corresponding amides in good yields.     

Microwave-Assisted,Rapid, Solvent-Free Aza-Michael Reaction by Perchloric Acid Impregnated on Silica Gel

Highly efficient solvent-free aza-Michael additions of a variety of amines to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds under microwave-irradiation conditions catalyzed by perchloric acid impregnated on silica gel (HClO₄/SiO₂) is reported. The reactions are completed within 2–7 min in a microwave oven to produce the corresponding adducts in excellent yields, and the catalyst can be recovered and reused.     

UCHP Method for Oligosaccharide Combinatorial Library Synthesis

A new methodology for oligosaccharide combinatorial library synthesis using a special hydroxy protecting group, the uni-chemo hydroxy protection (UCHP) group, was developed. The UCHP group was composed of oligomeric amino acid derivatives. The amino terminals of UCHP groups were protected by either Boc or Fmoc groups. By using these two types of UCHP, five kinds of trigalactoses [Galβ1-3Galβ1-3Gal, Galβ1-3(Galβ1-4)Gal, Galβ1-4Galβ1-3Gal, Galβ1-3Galβ1-4Gal, and Galβ1-4Galβ1-4Gal] were successfully synthesized on a solid support as a model of oligosaccharide combinatorial library. Each step of all reactions was also successfully monitored using a combination of two colorimetric tests, chloranil and methyl red-DIC.     

氧化石墨烯改性活性炭纤维滤除卷烟主流烟气的释放物

研究了卷烟滤嘴中添加氧化石墨烯(GO)改性活性炭纤维(ACF)复合材料对卷烟主流烟气释放物的滤除作用。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和比表面积测定对材料进行分析,结果显示GO均匀地负载在ACF表面;与原ACF相比,GO-ACF材料的O1s峰向低结合能移动,峰形平滑,同时表面积和总孔容变大。添加GO-ACF至滤嘴的卷烟,其苯酚、氰化氢和醛酮类的释放量均比只添加ACF的卷烟释放量低,且除乙醛外均比原样降低10%以上,其中苯酚和巴豆醛的降幅达26.7%和33.1%。对烟气释放物的滤除机制研究表明,在ACF表面修饰上GO后,材料表面含有丰富的羟基、羧基、碳氧和共轭基团,活性位点增多,易与烟气中的共轭分子和极性分子发生作用。该方法量少高效,为GO二维纳米材料在卷烟领域的应用奠定了基础。     

A Raman spectroscopic study of teeth affected with molar–incisor hypomineralisation

Raman spectroscopy was used to chemically map lesions associated with molar–incisor hypomineralisation in human teeth. Three teeth with hypomineralised lesions of differing severity, described as white, yellow or brown, were mapped using integral ratios of major component bands (hydroxyapatite, amide I and b‐type carbonate) and principal component analysis scores values. These lesions were found to contain depleted levels of mineral (hydroxyapatite) compared with those of healthy enamel. Principal component analysis also highlighted changes in the phosphate structure and variations in various organic constituents. These variations were consistent with increased disorder in the mineral component of the hypomineralised tooth lesions. Scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy supported the findings based on Raman spectroscopy. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An Efficient One‐pot Access to Substituted Dihydropyrrol‐2‐one Derivatives Using Sucrose as Natural,Biodegradable and Inexpensive Catalyst

An efficient and simple procedure for the synthesis of highly substituted dihydropyrrol‐2‐ones has been developed via one‐pot four‐component condensation of amines, dialkyl acetylenedicarboxyaltes and formaldehyde in the presence of sucrose as an organocatalyst. The salient advantages of this method are using a natural, biodegradable and commercial available catalyst, good yields, short reaction times, simple work‐up and lack of need for column chromatography.     

Green and Reusable Synthetic Procedure for Pyridine N-Oxides Catalyzed by a Lacunary Polyoxometalate

A lacunary Keggin polyoxometalate of K₈[BW₁₁O₃₉H] · 13H₂O was used as an effective and reusable catalyst for pyridine oxidation. Good yields of pyridine N-oxides were obtained in this catalytic system with hydrogen peroxide in water under mild conditions.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Synthetic Communications® for the following free supplemental resource(s): Full experimental and spectral details.]