一种单级入轨火箭发动机概念--气动塞式喷管发动机

综述了研制新一代可重复使用的航天运载器推进系统的需求和目标,介绍了一种单级入轨的火箭发动机概念──气动塞式喷管发动机,并给出了有关气动塞发动机的概念分析、研究进展和工作展望．     

Control charts for monitoring ship operating conditions and CO2 emissions based on scalar‐on‐function regression

To respond to the compelling air pollution programs, shipping companies are nowadays setting‐up on their fleets modern multisensor systems that stream massive amounts of observational data, which can be considered as varying over a continuous domain. Motivated by this context, a novel procedure is proposed, which extends classical multivariate techniques to the monitoring of multivariate functional data and a scalar quality characteristic related to them. The proposed procedure is shown to be also applicable in real time and is illustrated by means of a real‐case study in the maritime field on the continuous monitoring of operating conditions (ie, the multivariate functional data) and total CO₂ emissions (ie, the scalar quality characteristic) at each voyage of a cruise ship. The real‐time monitoring is particularly helpful for promptly supporting managerial decision making by indicating if and when an anomaly occurs during the navigation.     

On the Geometric Factor of a Cylindrical Particle Detector

The geometric factor of a system for registration of the hard component radiation, consisting of two cylindrical detectors, is calculated. This problem is solved for the first time supposing the detectors have finite thickness. It is shown that the registration effectivity of the cosmic radiation does not depend on the thickness of a detector with a bigger radius. An analytical expression is obtained for the dependence of the geometric factor on the parameters of the considered system.     

DABCO-promoted facile and convenient synthesis of novel isoxazolyl-1H-2,3-pyrrole dicarboxylates

Synthesis of isoxazolyl-1H-2,3-pyrrole dicarboxylate(4) was simply achieved by one-pot three component reaction of isoxazole amine(1) with diethyl acetylenedicarboxylate(DEAD)(2),and glyoxal (3),in acetonitrile catalyzed by diazabicyclo octane(DABCO).     

Development of a Terpenoid Alkaloid‐like Compound Library Based on the Humulene Skeleton

Many natural terpenoid alkaloid conjugates show biological activity because their structures contain both sp³‐rich terpenoid scaffolds and nitrogen‐containing alkaloid scaffolds. However, their biosynthesis utilizes a limited set of compounds as sources of the terpenoid moiety. The production of terpenoid alkaloids containing various types of terpenoid moiety may provide useful, chemically diverse compound libraries for drug discovery. Herein, we report the construction of a library of terpenoid alkaloid‐like compounds based on Lewis‐acid‐catalyzed transannulation of humulene diepoxide and subsequent sequential olefin metathesis. Cheminformatic analysis quantitatively showed that the synthesized terpenoid alkaloid‐like compound library has a high level of three‐dimensional‐shape diversity. Extensive pharmacological screening of the library has led to the identification of promising compounds for the development of antihypolipidemic drugs. Therefore, the synthesis of terpenoid alkaloid‐like compound libraries based on humulene is well suited to drug discovery. Synthesis of terpenoid alkaloid‐like compounds based on several natural terpenoids is an effective strategy for producing chemically diverse libraries.     

Mixed metal MgO–ZrO2 nanoparticle‐catalyzed O‐tert‐Boc protection of alcohols and phenols under solvent‐free conditions

An environmentally benign method for O‐tert‐Boc protection of alcohols and phenols catalyzed by MgO–ZrO₂ nanoparticles under solvent‐free conditions is described. A variety of phenols, alcohols (aliphatic and aromatic) were converted to corresponding O‐tert‐Boc products in good to excellent yield (50–95%). The present protocol is expedient, simple, and efficient under solvent‐free conditions. The MgO–ZrO₂ Nps are easily prepared from inexpensive precursors, and are reusable, recyclable and chemoselective. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A solid phase approach to PDMP analogs：A general strategy for combinatorial library

The present work reports the first solid phase synthesis of biologically interesting D-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol(D-threo-PDMP)derivatives.This synthetic strategy includes facile preparation of versatile azido intermediate(5) in a relatively short sequence and the subsequent derivatization of 5,which led to a series of sulfonamide,urea and heterocycle substituted PDMP analogs(10 and 10’).With this method,a 5280-member compound library has been successfully built by IRORI Nanokan? system.     

A method for assessing nanomaterial dispersion quality based on principal component analysis of particle size distribution data

Seemingly contradictory findings between studies are a major issue in nanoecotoxicological research and have been explained as a result of the lack of comparability between assay methods, with dispersion of nanomaterials being identified as a key factor. Here we show the use of a multivariate method, principal component analysis (PCA), as a tool in protocol development and categorization of dispersion quality. Results show the significance of particle concentration within a protocol, and its effect on repeatability. Our results suggest that future studies should involve the use of PCA as a powerful data exploration tool to facilitate method development, comparability and integration of data across different laboratories.     

A multi‐component lattice Boltzmann model with non‐uniform interfacial tension module for the study of blood flow in the microvasculature

This study aims at analyzing the red blood cell (RBC) deformation and velocity while streaming through venules and through capillaries whose diameters are smaller than the RBC size. The characteristics of the RBC shape change and velocity can potentially help in diagnosing diseases. In this work, the RBC is considered as a surfactant‐covered droplet. This is justified by the fact that the cell membrane liquefies under pressure in the capillaries, and this allows the marginalization of its mechanical properties. The RBC membrane is in fact a macro‐colloid containing lipid surfactant. When liquefied, it can be considered as a droplet of immiscible hemoglobin covered with lipid surfactant in a plasma surrounding. The local gradient in the surface tension due to non‐uniform local interface surfactant distribution is neglected here, and a non‐uniform zonal‐averaged value of surface tension representative of the surfactant bulk zonal concentration is rather implemented. The interplay between the surface tension geometry and the hydrodynamic conditions determines the droplet shape by affecting a change in its Weber number, and influences its velocity. The Gunstensen lattice Boltzmann model for immiscible fluids is used here since it provides independent adjustment of the local surface tension, and allows the use of fluids with viscosity contrast. The proposed concept was used to investigate the dynamic shape change of the RBC while flowing through the microvasculature, and to explore the Fahraeus and the Fahraeus–Lindqvist effects. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.