Computer Simulation of the Structure of Porous Electrodes with an Immobilized Enzyme and Nanosized Support Particles

The efficiency of the operation of a porous electrode with an immobilized enzyme is defined, in particular, by a lucky structure of its active layer, which can contain nanosized particles of the support. The composites of such a kind are prepared with the aid of methods of colloidal chemistry. The aim of this particular investigation is to perform a computer simulation of processes of coagulation of particles of the support and their possible heterocoagulation with molecules of the enzyme. Algorithms of the formation of nanocomposite structures in solution are suggested. Calculations show that the concentration of the enzyme molecules in the nanocomposite structures cannot exceed a certain critical value. On the other hand, at a fixed value of the concentration of the enzyme molecules, the concentration of the support particles must not fall below a certain threshold quantity, which provides for the passing of current through the active layer. In order for all the enzyme molecules, rather than for a fraction of these, in the composite to take part in the process of bioelectrocatalysis, the concentration of support particles must be increased even higher, to an optimum value.__________Translated from Elektrokhimiya, Vol. 41, No. 6, 2005, pp. 738–747.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Chirkov, Rostokin.     

多孔二氧化硅中Gd3+ → Eu3+的能量传递

通过水热反应法，获得了单掺和双掺Eu³⁺，Gd³⁺的多孔二氧化硅组装体，研究了掺杂体系的光谱特性，观察到Gd³⁺ → Eu³⁺的能量传递。分析了能量传递过程，探讨了在多孔二氧化硅中Gd³⁺→Eu³⁺的能量传递的机理，其机理主要为电偶极-电偶极相互作用。     

硅基多孔氧化铝模板非水电沉积CdS纳米线的研究

纳米材料,包括尺寸为纳米量级的超细微粒?线?薄膜?量子阱和超晶格等引起了人们广泛的重视 [1,2] ?其中 , 半导体纳米微粒和由其构成的纳米固体结构开辟了材料科学研究的新领域?硫化镉 (CdS) 作为一种重要的Ⅱ - Ⅵ族无机半导体材料 , 具有独特的光电性质 , 在光电化学电池和多相光催化反应中都有广泛应用?近年来 , 已有大量关于合成 CdS 纳米结构的文献报导 [3～12] , 所采用的方法如反胶束法?单分子膜法?自组装法以及电化学沉积法等 , 其中非水电解与模板技术相结合的制备方法引起了人们高度的重视并且被广泛的采用?自从 Baranski 等在上…     

TiO2纳米膜表面结构形态特征

采用反胶束法制备TiO2纳米溶胶,用浸渍提拉法在不同的条件下制备了三种TiO2多孔纳米薄膜,并利用AFM、SEM、XRD等方法对膜表面结构物理化学特性进行表征.结果表明三种膜基本上由粒径约为59 nm的纳米粒子以不同的方式堆积而成,溶胶刚生成时浸提一次,干燥、焙烧得到膜上纳米粒子分布均匀,所生成的二次粒子粒径最小,二次粒子形成的二次表面粗糙度最小,浸提10次得到膜上纳米粒子间存在较丰富缝隙结构,二次粒子粒径及其形成的表面粗糙度较大,而溶胶制备好陈化6 h后浸提得到的膜上二次粒子粒径最大,表面粗糙度最高.由分形理论估算得到三种膜的分形维数分别是2.22、2.20和2.27. XRD测试表明,膜上TiO2为锐钛矿晶相.这些结果表明,采用不同制备步骤得到的膜,其表面结构形态存在较大的差异.     

Titania membrane preparation with chemical stability for very hash environments applications

The high-quality tubular titania MF membranes are successfully prepared by dip-coating techniques and systematically investigated with regard to their corrosive resistances. The experiments show that dispersants PAA and anatase powder were preferably employed to prepare desired suspensions with solid loading 10–15 wt.% and that suspensions properties significantly affect the final membranes quality. The titania MF membranes with pure water permeability 742.42 l m⁻² h⁻¹ bar⁻¹ and 0.1 μm pore diameter have been obtained using the prepared suspensions. The corrosion resistance of titania membranes exhibits that the anatase layers are more stable than the alumina supports in boiling corrosive medium and that the poor quality titania MF membranes become more deteriorated due to its top layer pore blockages and fouling layer formation, which provides a wide range of practical application fields in very hash environments with reliable data supports.     

TG and DSC studies of filled porous copolymers

A complex approach including thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimetry was applied to study characteristics of non-filled and filled porous copolymers of divinylbenzene with styrene or some acrylic monomers: di(methacryloyloxymethyl)naphthalene, methacrylic ester of p,p’-dihydroxydiphenylpropane diglycidyl ether, and dimethacrylglycolethylene. High disperse silicas with the grafted methyl and silicon hydride groups in the surface layer were used as fillers. The kinetic parameters of thermal degradation for composites obtained were determined by different methods.     

离子液体中电沉积制备钴纳米线阵列

Porous anodic alumina (PAA) was used as a template to prepare Co nanowires array from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ionic liquid by direct current method. The surface morphology of porous anodic alumina template was observed by field emission-scanning tunneling microscopy (FE-SEM) before and after the electrodeposition of Co nanowires. The electrodeposition of Co nanowires was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). TEM results indicate that the Co nanowire surface is coarse and porous when aqueous solution was used as electrolyte， and the Co nanowire deposited from the ionic liquid is uniform and smooth. XRD results show that the electrodeposition of Co is a mixture of crystal and microcrystal phase.     

Chemical Modification of Silica Gels

Highly porous pure and polyethyleneglycol (PEG)-doped silica gels have been prepared from tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) in ethanol using NH₄OH base-catalysis. Addition of PEG to the SiO₂-system increases the average particle size and most frequent pore diameter of the resultant gels while their total surface area decreases. The viscosity of the sol increases with PEG concentration and passes through a maximum with increasing molecular weight at PEG 200. Results obtained indicate a definite interaction of the polymer with SiO₂ and that this interaction is not as a result of direct formation of Si– O– C linkage, but is more likely to be due to hydrogen bonding between the hydrated PEG and the Si– O– Si network. Structure-process correlations are considered.     

Preparation and Characteristics of Porous Silica Films by a Modified Base-Catalyzed Sol-Gel Process Containing PVA: II. Film Preparation

Porous SiO₂ films were successfully deposited on silicon substrates by a modified base-catalyzed Sol-Gel process (MBCP) containing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The process conditions, such as the gelation time, the synthesis temperature, the stabilizing agent of the precursor solution and the spin coating speed, the heat-treatment, the annealing temperature of the film on the microstructure and porosity of porous SiO₂ films were systematically investigated by SEM, XRD and ellipsometry techniques. This study provides a novel preparation technique for the porous SiO₂ film. Using this process, the resultant film can reach a thickness of 3.6 m for one layer, a porosity of 25–50%, a low thermal conductivity of 0.11 W/m·K. This film will be used as a low dielectric layer, an thermal-insulating layer and a low refractive index layer.     

POROUS MEMBRANE TEMPLATED SYNTHESIS OF POLYMER PILLARED LAYER

The anodic porous alumina membranes with a definite pore diameter and aspect ratio were used as templates tosynthesize polymer pillared layer structures. The pillared polymer was produced in the template membrane pores, and thelayer on the template surfaces. Rigid cured epoxy resin, polystyrene and soft hydrogel were chosen to confirm themethodology. The pillars were in the form of either tubes or fibers, which were controlled by the alumina membrane pore surface wettability. The structural features were confirmed by scanning electron microscopy results.