各向异性材料中共线刚性线夹杂的纵向剪切问题

本文研究各向异性材料中共线刚性线夹杂，（有时称作“硬裂纹”或“反裂纹”问题）的纵向剪切问题。利用复变函数方法，提出了一般问题的公式和某些实际重要问题的封闭形式解，考察了刚性线端点附近的应力分布．从本文解答的特殊情形，可以直接导出各向同性材料相应问题的公式和结果，包括某些已有的结果￣［７］．     

用概率断裂力学方法预测管状接头的疲劳寿命

本文研究了Ｔ型管状接头在面内和面外弯曲循环载荷作用下的疲劳强度问题，通过将材料常数和初始裂纹尺寸作为随机变量，采用ＭｏｎＣａｒｌｏ模拟方法对疲劳寿命进行了统计分析．同时，对计算结果进行了线性回归，并与实验结果作了比较。     

A model for crack formation during active solid pyrolysis of a char-forming solid: crack patterns; surface area generation; volatile mass efflux

A model is developed for the formation and propagation of cracks in a material sample that is heated at its top surface, pyrolyses, and then thermally degrades to form char. In this work the sample is heated uniformly over its entire top surface by a hypothetical flame (a heat source). The pyrolysis mechanism is described by a one-step overall reaction that is dependent nonlinearly on the temperature (Arrhenius form). Stresses develop in response to the thermal degradation of the material by means of a shrinkage strain caused by local mass loss during pyrolysis. When the principal stress exceeds a prescribed threshold value, the material forms a local crack. Cracks are found to generally originate at the surface in response to heating, but occasionally they form in the bulk, away from ever-changing material boundaries. The resulting cracks evolve and form patterns whose characteristics are described. Quantities examined in detail are: the crack spacing in the pyrolysis zone; the crack length evolution; the formation and nature of crack loops which are defined as individual cracks that have joined to form loops that are disconnected from the remaining material; the formation of enhanced pyrolysis area; and the impact of all of the former quantities on mass flux. It is determined that the mass flux from the sample can be greatly enhanced over its nominal (non-cracking) counterpart. The mass efflux profile qualitatively resembles those observed in Cone Calorimeter tests.     

对薄层柱壳爆炸膨胀断裂过程的研究

 本文提出了一个用于描述动态破坏发展过程的损伤度函数。从这个损伤度函数出发,把材料特征性方程取为强化粘塑性本构方程形式,导出了薄层柱壳爆炸膨胀运动在两种近似下（恒定膨胀速度近似合恒定应变速率近似）断裂判据的解析表达式。结果分析表明,在上述条件下,存在着一个动态断裂“塑性峰”,在这个峰值条件的应变率下,柱壳出现贯穿断裂时刻的应变最大。以软钢为算例,本断裂判据可以比较好地解释Иванов和陈大年等给出的实验结果。这时,动态断裂“塑性峰”对应的应变率为4×10⁴ s^-1,相应的应变约为60%~80%。     

Effect of solute atoms on fracture toughness in dilute magnesium alloys

The effect of alloying elements on the toughness and the fracture behaviour was investigated on seven kinds of Mg-0.3?at.% X (X?=?Ag, Al, Ca, Pb, Sn, Y and Zn) alloys with a grain size of 3–5?μm. The fracture toughness and fracture behaviour in magnesium alloys were closely related to the segregation energy. The Mg–Al and –Zn alloys that had small segregation energy showed high toughness and ductile fracture in most regions, while the Mg–Ca alloy with large segregation energy exhibited low toughness and intergranular fracture. These different tendencies resulted from solute segregation at grain boundaries (GBs). The change in the lattice parameter ratio was the influential material parameter regardless of whether the GB embrittlement was for enhancement or suppression.     

Externally applied stress sign and film elastic properties effects on brittle film fracture

Rectangular stainless steel samples with TiN film deposited on the front lateral surface were loaded in three-point bending to the maximum normal strain of 6%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that vertical cracks appeared in the tension zone when the tensile strain exceeded 1.5%, while horizontal cracks appeared in the compression zone when the compressive strain exceeded –2.9%. Film cracks in the compressive zone originate from the tensile stress imposed by the plastically deformed substrate due to the Poisson’s expansion. Taking plastic deformation and Poisson’s expansion of the substrate in compression into account, theoretical analysis of normal stress distribution along the cracked film segment in compression is presented. Substrate strain and film elastic properties affect film cracking in the compressive zone. At larger compressive strain, some transverse cracks along with buckling cause the film spallation. The presented method is useful for studying brittle film fracture with variable strain levels in a single sample.     

相干梯度敏感干涉测量技术及在静态断裂力学实验中的应用

介绍了相干梯度敏感(CGS)干涉测量技术的基本原理及其在静态Ⅰ型断裂实验中的应用,验证了该方法对裂纹尖端局部变形场和断裂特性进行定量研究的可行性。给出了代表静态Ⅰ型裂纹尖端奇异场光力学信息的CGS控制方程,模拟并分析了Ⅰ型裂纹尖端的CGS条纹模式,对静态Ⅰ型裂纹尖端变形场和断裂特性进行了三点弯曲的CGS试验,并提取了应力强度因子KⅠ。结果表明,试验结果与理论分析结果相吻合。     

Quasi-static deformation and final fracture behaviour of aluminium alloy 5083: influence of cryomilling

The commercial aluminium alloy 5083 was processed via cryomilling to produce nanocrystalline (NC) powders with an average grain size of ～25–50?nm. The powders were subsequently degassed at 723 K (450°C), pre-heated and immediately quasi-isostatic (QI)-forged to produce a thermally stable bulk ultrafine grain (UFG) material having average grain size values ranging from 190 to 350?nm, depending on the processing conditions used. In this paper, the tensile properties and fracture behaviour of the bulk UFG material are presented and compared with the tensile properties of its conventionally processed counterpart. The specific influence of preheat temperature on strength and ductility of the alloy is briefly discussed. Three different pre-heat temperatures of 523, 623 and 723?K (250, 350 and 450°C) were chosen and used with the primary objective of controlling grain growth during forging. The influence of preheat temperature on tensile deformation and final fracture behaviour is highlighted. The macroscopic fracture modes of the bulk nanostructured material (BNM) prepared following three pre-heat temperatures are investigated. The microscopic mechanisms controlling tensile deformation and final fracture behaviour are discussed with regards to the intrinsic microstructural effects in the UFG alloy, nature of loading, and the kinetics and mechanisms of deformation.