Broadband Amplifier Module Used in 3MM IF-Switch Radiometer

This paper introduced the design procedure of a low-noise broadband amplifier module used in 3mm IF-Switch radiometer. We first analyzed the impact of IF amplifier on the overall performance of the radiometer and then illustrated the techniques used in broadband amplifier design. CAD software was used in the procedure of simulation and the circuit was implemented in hybrid microstrip format. The final amplifier module matched well with the simulation result.     

Squeezing Effects of a Mesoscopic Dissipative Coupled Circuit

We study the quantum effect of a mesoscopic dissipative-coupled RLC circuit of the capacitances. We find that if the quantum dissipative system is in the vacuum state at the initial time, it will evolve to a squeezed coherent state under the effect of an external pulse source because of the presence of the coupling and damping.     

A graph partitioning heuristic for the parallel pseudo-exhaustive logical test of VLSI combinational circuits

The logical test of integrated VLSI circuits is one of the main phases of their design and fabrication. The pseudo-exhaustive approach for the logical test of integrated circults consists in partitioning the original circuits to be tested into non-overlapping subcircuits with a small, bounded number of subcircuits, which are then exhaustively tested in parallel. In this work, we present an approximate algorithm for the problem of partitioning integrated combinational circuits, based on the tabu search metaheuristic. The proposed algorithm presents several original features, such as: the use of a reduced neighborhood, obtained from moves involving only a subset of boundary nodes; complex moves which entail several resulting moves, although the variations in the cost function are easily computable; a bi-criteria cost function combining the number of subcircuits and the number of cuts, which simultaneously adds a diversification strategy to the search; and the use of a bin-packing heuristic as a post-optimization step. The behavior of the proposed algorithm was evaluated through its application to a set of benchmark circuits. The computational results have been compared with those obtained by the other algorithms in the literature, with significant improvements. The average reduction rates have been of the order of 30% in the number of subcircuits in the partition, and of the order of 40% in the number of cuts.     

Numerical computation of characteristic polynomials of Boolean functions and its applications

We study the problem of evaluation of characteristic polynomials of Boolean functions with applications to combinational circuit verification. Two Boolean functions are equivalent if and only if their corresponding characteristic polynomials are identical. However, to verify the equivalence of two Boolean functions it is often impractical to construct the corresponding characteristic polynomials due to a possible exponential blow-up of the terms of the polynomials. Instead, we compare their values at a sample point without explicitly constructing the characteristic polynomials. Specifically, we sample uniformly at random in a unit cube and determine whether two characteristic polynomials are identical by their evaluations at the sample point; the error probability is zero when there are no round-off errors. In the presence of round-off errors, we sample on regular grids and analyze the error probability. We discuss in detail the Shannon expansion for characteristic polynomial evaluation. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

静电陀螺转子位移测量电路的研究

—静电陀螺转子位移测量电路是静电陀螺支承系统的重要部件。它直接影响转子在电极球腔中的失中度，从而导致陀螺漂移。因此在温度变化及电磁干扰情况下，必须提高测量电路的分辨率和零位稳定性。本文在理论分析和实验研究的基础上，提出参数优化设计方法和模块化结构设计。实验结果表明所研制的电路性能良好，工作稳定度达到了高精度静电陀螺仪的要求。     

多值（S＋）型映象的度理论

本文的目的是推广张石生和陈玉清（多值（Ｓ）型映象度理论以及不动点定理）的结果·假设Ｌ是闭稠定线性极大单调映象，Ｓ是关于Ｄ（Ｌ）的（Ｓ＋）型多值映象，我们建立具有形式Ｆ＝Ｌ＋Ｓ的多值映象的拓扑度·     

A Constraint Satisfaction Approach to a Circuit Design Problem

A classical circuit-design problem from Ebers and Moll (1954) features a system of nine nonlinear equations in nine variables that is very challenging both for local and global methods. This system was solved globally using an interval method by Ratschek and Rokne (1993) in the box [0, 10]⁹. Their algorithm had enormous costs (i.e., over 14 months using a network of 30 Sun Sparc-1 workstations) but they state that ‘at this time, we know no other method which has been applied to this circuit design problem and which has led to the same guaranteed result of locating exactly one solution in this huge domain, completed with a reliable error estimate’. The present paper gives a novel branch-and-prune algorithm that obtains a unique safe box for the above system within reasonable computation times. The algorithm combines traditional interval techniques with an adaptation of discrete constraint-satisfaction techniques to continuous problems. Of particular interest is the simplicity of the approach. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Electrochemical determination of iodide by poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid) film electrode at moderately low pH ranges

A new potentiometric sensor for the determination of iodide based on poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid) (PAPBA) film electrode was constructed. Poly(3-Aminophenylboronic acid) films were synthesized electrochemically on platinum electrode by cyclic voltammetry. The effect of film thickness, pH, and preconditioning parameters on the electrode performance were examined. The analytical performance was evaluated and linear calibration graphs were obtained in the concentration range of 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻¹ M iodide ion. The limit of detection was found to be 8 × 10⁻⁷ M. The response time of the sensor was 5 s and its lifetime is about one week. To check the selectivity of the PAPBA film for iodide ion, potential interferences such as Cl⁻, Br⁻, F⁻, CN⁻, IO₃⁻, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ were tested. The PAPBA electrode was also employed as a sensing platform for the determination of iodide ions in commercial table salt.     

Hydrothermal decomposition of brominated epoxy resin in waste printed circuit boards

Brominated flame retardant (BFR), which containing in printed circuit boards (WPCBs), brings a series of environmental and health problems. Hydrothermal technology was applied to decompose brominated epoxy resin in WPCBs at subcritical or supercritical water conditions. The brominated epoxy resin was decomposed into oil and the environmental influence of BFR was eliminated. The experiment was carried out in a 5.7 ml tube reactor and heated by a salt-bath. The variation of degradation rate of brominated epoxy resin with reaction temperature, time and additives were studied. The compositions of liquid products were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). When reaction temperature exceeded 300 °C, retention time stayed over 30 min and alkaline additive existed, more than 80% brominated epoxy resin could be mainly decomposed into phenol, which can be used as chemical material. Two different hydrothermal decomposition pathways were discussed according to the characterization of products. The results indicated that brominated epoxy resin in WPCBs could be handled effectively by hydrothermal decomposition.     

Local negative circuits and fixed points in non-expansive Boolean networks

Given a Boolean function F:{0,1}ⁿ→{0,1}ⁿ, and a point x in {0,1}ⁿ, we represent the discrete Jacobian matrix of F at point x by a signed directed graph G_F(x). We then focus on the following open problem: Is the absence of a negative circuit in G_F(x) for every x in {0,1}ⁿ a sufficient condition for F to have at least one fixed point? As result, we give a positive answer to this question under the additional condition that F is non-expansive with respect to the Hamming distance.