Simple Analog Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Circuit for Generating Motion Signal

We proposed in this study a novel analog complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit for generating a motion signal when an object moves, which is a simple structure. The proposed unit circuit was constructed using a previously proposed edge detection circuit and a novel proposed circuit for generating a motion signal which accepts an edge signal. The part for generating the motion signal was constructed using six metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) transistors and one capacitor. Results obtained by the simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) and the measured results of a test circuit constructed with discrete MOS transistors and the test circuit fabricated with a 1.2 μm CMOS process showed that the proposed unit circuit can output pulsed current (motion signal) when an object moves on the circuit. It was clarified from the SPICE results that the two-dimensional network constructed with proposed unit circuits can output motion signals. The size of the novel unit circuit is expected to be about 110 × 110μm² obtained by the 1.2 μm CMOS process. It is possible to arrange 90 × 90 unit circuits on a chip which has an area of 1 × 1cm². The aperture ratio is expected to be about 21%, which is twice as large as that of the previously proposed circuit. An integrated circuit for image processing in real time can thus be realized by applying the two-dimensional network constructed with the proposed circuits.     

Thermodynamics of Squeezed State for Mesoscopic RLC Circuits

We present a density matrix of a mesoscopic RLC circuits to make it possible to analyze the connection between the initial condition and the certain temperature. Our results show that the quantum state evolution will be closely related to the initial condition; the system evolves to generalized coherent state if it is in ground state initially, and evolves to squeezed state if it is in excited state initially. In addition, we also obtain squeezed minimum uncertainty state with satisfying certain condition in mesoscopic RLC circuit.     

楔形光纤与半导体多量子阱平面光波光路芯片的耦合分析

采用楔形光纤(WSF)实现了与半导体多量子阱(MQW)平面光波光路(PLC)芯片的高效耦合。在多量子阱-平面光波光路前置模斑转换器(SSC)和不加模斑转换器的情况下,用阶梯串联法(SCM)数值模拟并优化设计了楔形光纤-平面光波光路间最佳耦合参量:楔形光纤楔角45°、端面圆柱透镜曲率半径2.5μm、模斑转换器-多量子阱-平面光波光路出射椭圆光斑长半轴3.5μm、纵横比5、楔形光纤-平面光波光路间垂直方向和水平方向无偏移、纵向间距5.5μm。用反向推演法(IDM)实验分析了楔形光纤样品的出射光场,与阶梯串联法(SCM)计算结果相比长轴误差为3.125%,短轴误差为0.8%。建立楔形光纤-平面光波光路-单模光纤(SMF)的耦合实验系统,在1.55μm波长处以单模光纤作为出纤的相同条件下,发现楔形光纤激励入射平面光波光路比单模光纤和锥形透镜光纤(TLF)作为入纤的耦合效率分别提高了24.827 dB和16.22 dB,为多量子阱-平面光波光路芯片尾纤封装技术提供了实验原型。     

Marginal Distributions of Wigner Function in a Mesoscopic L-C Circuit at Finite Temperature and Thermal Wigner Operator

Wigner function in phase space has its physical meaning as marginal probability distribution in coordinate space and momentum space respectively, here we endow the Wigner function with a new physical meaning, i.e., its marginal distributions’ statistical average for q ²/(2C) and p ²/(2L) are the energy stored in capacity and in inductance of a mesoscopic L-C circuit at finite temperature, respectively. PACS numbers: 03.65.-w, 73.21.-b     

Theoretical and experimental time series analysis of an inductorless Chua’s circuit

In this paper we have analyzed the time series obtained from an experimental realization of an inductorless version of Chua’s circuit. We have also compared the experimental results with the results emerging by analysis of the time series obtained by numerical simulations of the respective model equations. Lyapunov exponent spectra, the Kaplan-Yorke dimension and phase-space diagrams were used to show the similarities between theoretical and experimental results. We were able to identify the effects of the operational amplifier simulated inductor internal resistance on the Chua’s circuit dynamics. Decreasing internal resistance for decreasing current through the circuit was responsible for the observed bifurcation route.     

干涉测量用半导体激光器驱动电源

设计了一种可调制的高稳定度半导体激光器驱动电路。该电路的直流稳定度高达1.5×10-5，输出电流在0～200mA内连续可调，长时间工作（12h以上）电流变化小于1μA；在直流基础上注入100kHz～300kHz的调制电流，其调制深度为0～100mA连续可调，可实现在激光干涉测量中对光波频率和光波强度的调制。将该电路驱动的光栅外腔半导体激光器和辅助温度控制电路应用于光干涉测量技术中，得到了功率稳定、波长单一的激光输出，解决了激光器的跳模现象，完成了对远距离微小振动（纳米量级）的测量。     

Impact of average photon-energy coefficient of solar spectrum on the short circuit current of photovoltaic modules

The output energy of photovoltaic (PV) modules is influenced by the spectral irradiance distribution of the solar spectrum under outdoor conditions. To rate the precise output energy of PV modules, the correction of short circuit current (I_SC) based on actual environmental conditions is needed, because I_SC significantly depends on the shape of the spectral irradiance distribution. The average photon energy (APE) is a zero-dimensional index for spectral irradiance distribution, and APE value uniquely describes the shape of a solar spectrum. Thus, APE has an impact on I_SC of PV modules. In this contribution, the relationship between APE coefficient and I_SC of the multi-crystalline silicon, single-crystalline silicon, heterojunction intrinsic thin-layer, back contact, copper indium selenide and cadmium telluride PV modules has explored. It is revealed that APE value changes the I_SC of PV modules which appeared to have immense possibilities of I_SC correction using APE coefficient. This new approach can be very effective for precise rating the output energy of PV modules under actual outdoor conditions.     

低功耗互补传输门绝热逻辑和时序电路的设计

研究了采用二相非交叠功率时钟的绝热触发器及时序电路的设计，介绍了采用二相无交叠功率时钟的互补传输门绝热逻辑（CPAL）电路，并分析了其工作原理．该电路利用nMOS管自举原理对负载进行全绝热驱动，从而减小了电路整体功耗，且CPAL能耗几乎与工作频率无关．提出了性能良好的低功耗绝热D、T和JK触发器，并与其他几种绝热触发器进行功耗比较．给出了绝热时序电路的一般设计方法，并作为实例采用应用绝热D触发器设计了十进制计数器．SPICE程序模拟表明：设计的电路具有正确的逻辑功能及低功耗的优点．     

一种砷化氢发生装置

介绍一种砷化氢发生装置，采用蠕动泵自动进液，定时电路控制硼氢化钾或硼氢化钠的进液时间，并采用单向阀及螺纹口装置防止气体逸出，保证了砷化氢发生的均匀性和重复性。     

Formation of microvias in epoxy-glass composites by laser ablation

Single CO₂ laser pulses, of 10.6μm wavelength, are used to form blind microvias (holes in electronic boards for through-plating conducting paths) in copper-clad epoxy-glass laminates. The microvia dimensions depend on pulse energy and duration, the thicknesses of the epoxy-glass laminate and copper cladding, and the distribution of glass within the epoxy-glass laminate. The useful range of laser parameters, especially pulse energy, is primarily determined by the ability to metallize subsequently the blind microvias. Several conclusions can be drawn from the data. The pulse enegy should be within ±20% of the optimum value in order to form vias with a cylindrical geometry. For 300 μm thick laminates, the thickness of the copper on the bottom should be 18 μm or more. A larger range of pulse energies could be used if the glass fibre density was more uniform and if subsequent copper metallization of the blind vias could be improved.