Iterative synthesis of the ABCDEF-ring system of yessotoxin and adriatoxin

A stereocontrolled linear synthesis of the ABCDEF-ring system of yessotoxin and adriatoxin, diarrhetic shellfish toxins, is described. Iterative application of a tetrahydropyran synthesis by reaction of the alkylation of a sulfonyl-stabilized oxiranyl anion followed by 6-endo cyclization of a 4,5-epoxy alcohol led to the synthesis of the trans-fused hexacyclic ether system, and the seven-membered E ring was constructed by ring expansion reaction.     

Boric acid in aqueous micellar medium: an effective and recyclable catalytic system for the synthesis of aryl-7,8-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles

A simple, green, and efficient protocol is reported for the preparation of aryl-7,8-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]-pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles through one-pot multi component reaction using substituted aromatic aldehydes, malononitrile, and 3-amino[1,2,4]triazole. The reaction is catalyzed by boric acid in aqueous micellar condition. Present protocol incorporates environmentally non-hazardous reaction condition, easy work-up, and use of recyclable catalytic system with associated benefits like excellent yield (84–96%) and shorter reaction time (20 min). Proposed methodology offers rapid access to substituted aryl-7,8-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyrimidine-6-carbonitriles with high atom-economy and catalytic efficiency.     

Catalyst-free one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles from 1,2-diaminoarenes and alcohols

A new and efficient protocol is described for the one-pot synthesis of benzimidazoles from a variety of aryl alcohols and 1,2-diaminoarenes. The yields were ranging from moderate to excellent. Moreover, the present method is utilizing alcohols instead of aldehydes and the reactions are carried out under solvent- and catalyst-free conditions, offering an environmentally benign process.     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱同时测定与筛查海洋浮游藻类中的5种色素

对海洋藻类色素的高效液相色谱-三重四极杆质谱（HPLC-QqQ-MS）分析方法的有效性进行了验证。该方法采用C₁₆氨基色谱柱为固定相,以甲醇、乙腈和乙酸铵为流动相,在选择反应监测模式下对叶绿素a、叶绿素b、 β,β -胡萝卜素、叶黄素和岩藻黄素的含量进行了测定。结果表明,5种色素标准品的线性关系良好,相关系数（r²）均高于0.996,回收率在82.77%~99.83%之间,日内和日间精密度的相对标准偏差（RSD）均小于5%（n=5）;方法的检出限（LOD）在0.02~0.16 μg/L之间,定量限（LOQ）在0.06~0.54 μg/L之间。利用该方法对11种藻类中5种色素的含量进行分析,比较了赤潮异弯藻、卡罗藻、微小原甲藻、微拟球藻、蛋白核小球藻、颗石藻、定鞭金藻、中肋骨条藻、威氏海链藻和假微型海链藻之间的物种色素分布情况。该方法具有简单、灵敏度高、重复性好、回收率高等优点,适合藻类色素分析,为进行藻类生物量计算提供了分析手段。     

α-Glucosidase inhibitory activity of marine sponges collected in Mauritius waters

This report describes the use of α-glucosidase to evaluate the anti-diabetic potential of extracts from marine sponges collected in the Mauritius waters. Initial screening at 1.0 mg/mL of 141 extracts obtained from 47 sponge species revealed 10 extracts with inhibitory activity greater than 85%. Seven of the 10 extracts were further tested at 0.1 and 0.01 mg/mL and only the methanol extract of two sponges namely Acanthostylotella sp. (ASSM) and Echinodictyum pykei (EPM) showed inhibition activity greater than 60% at 0.1 mg/mL with an IC₅₀ value of 0.16 ± 0.02 and 0.04 ± 0.01 mg/mL, respectively, while being inactive at 0.01 mg/mL.     

Tetramic acid derivatives and polyphenols from sponge-derived fungus and their biological evaluation

Fifteen compounds, including two tetramic acid derivatives, penicillenol A₁ (1) and penicillenol A₂ (2), six polyphenols containing both phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenoid and diphenyl ether units, expansols A–F (3–8), together with six phenolic bisabolane sesquiterpenoids (9–14) and diorcinol (15), were isolated from the fermentation broth of the marine-derived fungus ZSDS1-F11 isolated from the sponge Phakellia fusca Thiele collected in the Yongxing island of Xisha. Their structures were elucidated mainly by using extensive NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. Compounds 3–5, 7 and 8 showed potent COX-1 inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 5.3, 16.2, 30.2, 41.0 and 56.8 μM, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds 3–8 showed potent COX-2 inhibitory activity with IC₅₀ values of 3.1, 5.6, 3.0, 5.1, 3.2 and 3.7 μM, respectively. In addition, compound 1 exhibited antituberculosis activity with 96.1% inhibition at concentration of 10 μM.     

海洋真菌对苯和甲苯的降解诱导黄烷酮的羟基化转化

真菌在各种氧化酶的作用下能将苯环类化合物转化降解,但转化降解过程中诱发的高活性酶的应用仍未见报道。本文研究海洋真菌Pseudallescheria boydii和Trichoderma erinaceum在添加苯和甲苯的培养条件下,诱导黄烷酮向4'-羟基黄烷酮的转化。结果表明,2种真菌对苯和甲苯有强耐受力,其降解过程中诱导的氧化酶对黄烷酮的羟基化具有高度的区域选择性,即发生4'-羟基化反应,而且转化率最高可达到82%,在酶促进的反应领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

Mass spectrometry detection of minor new meridianins from the antarctic colonial ascidians Aplidium falklandicum and Aplidium meridianum

Taking into account the broad biological activities found in the meridianin indole alkaloids isolated to date, we have re‐examined the organic extracts of an Antarctic collection of the tunicates Aplidium meridianum and A. falklandicum (Chordata: Ascidiacea) by HPLC in conjunction with a high‐resolution mass spectrometer (HPLC‐MS). A new set of analogs of meridianins A–G has been detected, and their structures are proposed on the basis of the molecular formulae identified by LC‐HRMS analysis using a C18 column with a gradient of water/acetonitrile and an LTQ‐FT‐MS Orbitrap detector. Remarkably, dimers derived from meridianin A and from meridianin B or E were also detected. Our findings provide further evidence of the broad variability within the meridianin‐like derivatives of this highly bioactive alkaloid family. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Vinyl Boronates and Vinyl Silanes via Atom‐Economical Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Alkene–Alkyne Coupling

The synthesis of vinyl boronates and vinyl silanes was achieved by employing a Ru‐catalyzed alkene–alkyne coupling reaction of allyl boronates or allyl silanes with various alkynes. The double bond geometry in the generated vinyl boronates can be remotely controlled by the juxtaposing boron‐ and silicon groups on the alkyne substrate. The synthetic utility of the coupling products has been demonstrated in a variety of synthetic transformations, including iterative cross‐coupling reactions, and a Chan‐Lam‐type allyloxylation followed by a Claisen rearrangement. A sequential one‐pot alkene‐alkyne‐coupling/allylation‐sequence with an aldehyde to deliver a highly complex α‐silyl‐β‐hydroxy olefin with a handle for further functionalization was also realized.     

利用新颖高效气体发生装置以氯气氧化法制备高锰酸钾实验设计及效果*

基于一种新颖高效气体发生装置,设计了以氯气为氧化剂,理论产率接近100%的将锰酸钾高效转化为高锰酸钾的实验方案。实验结果表明:使用本设计制备高纯度高锰酸钾,既可保证高锰酸钾的理论转化率,减少歧化反应副产物对纯度的影响,同时得到的副产品次氯酸钠及氯水可用做无机教学实验的基础试剂,符合“循环经济”指导思想。