芋叶超疏水超亲油性能及应用

通过静态接触角(CA)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析了芋叶的超疏水超亲油性能. 考察了不同处理温度下芋叶的饱和吸油率、缓释保油率以及离心保油率. 结果表明, 芋叶下表面具有超疏水性能, 其静态水接触角为157.1°(滚动角小于3°), 远大于上表面静态水接触角(109.1°). 不同温度处理的芋叶的饱和吸油率的变化呈现一定规律, 在200 ℃下干燥的芋叶具有最高饱和吸油率(8.1 g/g). 芋叶对难挥发性的机油固定能力较强, 并且在较高转速下对机油仍具有较高的离心保油率.     

Transfer characterization of sulfur from coal-burning emission to plant leaves by PIXE and XANES

The impact of coal-burning emission on sulfur in camphor leaves was investigated using Proton Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) and synchrotron radiation technique X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The PIXE results show that the sulfur concentrations in the leaves collected at the polluted site are significantly higher than those in controls. The Sulfur XANES spectra show the presence of organic (disulfides, thiols, thioethers, sulfonates and sulfoxides) and inorganic sulfur (sulfates) in the leaves. The inorganic sulfur in the leaves of camphor tree polluted by coal combustion is 15% more than that of the control site. The results suggest that the long-term coal-burning pollution resulted in an enhanced content of the total sulfur and sulfate in the leaves, and the uptake of sulfur by leaves had exceeded the metabolic requirement of plants and the excess of sulfur was stored as SO₄^2－. It can monitor the sulfur pollution in atmosphere.

     

树叶为模板网状TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

采用模板法与溶胶-凝胶法相结合的方法, 以羽状网脉的洋槐树叶为模板制备出网状的二氧化钛光催化材料. 利用红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散型X射线光谱仪(EDX)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对样品的表面形貌、成分和晶型进行表征, 以甲基橙的脱色降解为模式反应, 考察了宏观形貌对TiO₂光催化性能的影响. 结果表明: 以树叶为模板制得的TiO₂, 呈网状结构, 网孔直径约为5～10 μm, 且有少量直径约为2～3 μm规则球形和直径约5 μm管状的TiO₂; 当pH＝3时, 网状TiO₂在3 h内对甲基橙的降解率分别比粉末TiO₂高37.2%, 比商品粉末TiO₂高44.6%, 且重复使用4次后, 降解率仍能保持在90%以上, 明显优于粉末TiO₂, 同时为制备其它形貌的TiO₂提供一种新思路.     

基于 PROSPECT模型的蔬菜叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值反演

叶绿素含量是衡量植物营养和病虫害发生情况的重要指标。传统的分光光度法对植物叶片破坏性较大且无法实时、快速、无损地获取叶绿素含量。新兴的利用叶绿素仪测量叶绿素相对含量（以下简称SPAD值）的方法不能定量获取实际含量。光学辐射传输模型PROSPECT从生物物理、化学的角度以及能量传输的过程出发,定量描述了叶片色素、水分、结构参数等对叶片反射光谱的影响。因此,提出利用PROSPECT模型同时反演蔬菜叶片叶绿素含量和SPAD值,实时、快速、无损、定量获取植物叶片叶绿素的含量。第一,多次测量三种蔬菜叶片的反射光谱,并用叶绿素仪测量SPAD值。然后,预处理光谱数据,获得平均反射率光谱。第二,以欧式距离为评价函数,利用PROSPECT模型对实测反射率光谱进行拟合。拟合过程中三种蔬菜欧式距离最大为0.008 9,最小为0.006 4,平均为0.007 5,表明该模型能够很好地拟合蔬菜叶片的反射率光谱。第三,根据拟合结果,反演叶绿素含量和透射率光谱,再根据透射率光谱获取叶片在940和650 nm波长处的光透过率,计算叶片的反演SPAD值。第四,建立反演叶绿素含量、反演SPAD值与实测SPAD值的关系模型。结果表明: (1)利用该模型反演得到的叶绿素含量值与实测SPAD值有较好的线性关系, 其关系模型为：y=1.463 3x+16.374 3,两者相关系数为0.927 1,模型的决定系数为0.862,均方根误差为2.11;(2)利用该模型反演得到的SPAD值与实测SPAD值之间线性关系较好,其关系模型为：y=0.986 9x-0.668 3,两者相关系数为0.845 1, 模型的决定系数为0.714 3,均方根误差为3.380 2。研究表明,通过测量植物叶片的反射率光谱,利用PROSPECT模型可以无损、定量地获取蔬菜叶片的叶绿素含量和SPAD值。该方法可推广至其他植物的叶绿素测量和实时监测,为变量施肥、精准种植提供可靠的数据支持。研究结果对蔬菜生长态势的无损监测具有重要的意义。     

白芷叶中分泌道显微和超微结构的研究

本文对白芷叶中分泌道的显微和超微结构进行了研究。白芷叶中分泌道是由一层上皮细胞围绕一圆形腔道而成,分布于叶片、叶鞘和叶柄的薄壁组织及较大叶脉或维管组织的次生韧皮部中,分泌道的发生方式为裂生型,其腔隙的扩大主要依靠上皮细胞本身的分裂生长以及周围细胞插入到上皮细胞之间。电镜观察结果表明分泌道原始细胞之间裂开形成腔隙可能与高尔基体分泌果胶酶进入到相邻细胞壁间而导致中层溶解有关,成熟分泌道上皮细胞中含有丰富的质体和内质网,其中大多数质体被内质网鞘所围绕,分泌道发育过程中上皮细胞超微结构最显著变化是质体、内质网和嗜锇滴数量的改变,它们随着分泌道的成熟而增加,随着分泌道的衰老而减少,嗜锇物质主要由质体、鞘内质网和细胞质内质网合成,而线粒体、液泡和细胞质也可参与分泌物的合成和运输过程     

Polarization Characteristics of the He–Ne Laser Radiation Reflected from Rhododendron Leaves Subjected to Acid Treatment

Results of laboratory simulation experiments on the influence of H₂SO₄ solutions on the optical characteristics of the radiation reflected from Rhododendron smirnovii leaves illuminated at an angle of 55° by He–Ne laser radiation ( = 0.63 m) linearly polarized in the plane of incidence are presented. The coefficients of correlation between the optical characteristics of the reflected radiation, the concentration of the acid, and the pigment composition of the leaves have been calculated. It is shown that the influence of acidic stresses on the polarization characteristics of the radiation reflected from a leaf manifests itself indirectly as changes in the concentration of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b and changes in their ratio in the leaf when observation is performed at angles of 50–60°.     

Retention index database for identification of general green leaf volatiles in plants by coupled capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

A series of ubiquitously occurring saturated and monounsaturated six-carbon aldehydes, alcohols and esters thereof is summarised as ‘green leaf volatiles’ (GLVs). The present study gives a comprehensive data collection of retention indices of 35 GLVs on commonly used non-polar DB-5, mid-polar DB-1701, and polar DB-Wax stationary phases. Seventeen commercially not available compounds were synthesised. Thus, the present study allows reliable identification of most known GLV in natural plant volatile samples. Applications revealed the presence of several seldom reported GLVs in headspace samples of mechanically damaged plant leaves of Carpinus betulus and Fagus sylvatica.     

有机废弃物发酵加富大棚CO2对叶菜类蔬菜生长的影响

采用由作物秸秆与畜禽粪便发酵产生CO2的简易发酵装置来加富大棚CO2,一次堆料可使大棚CO2体积分数维持600 ×10-6 13 d以上,并且可使大棚内的生菜、青菜和油麦菜等叶菜类蔬菜叶片加厚,单株鲜质量分别增加135%、322%和140%,产量分别提高127.1%、122.8%和97.9%.说明农业有机废弃物发酵加富...     

高光谱图像信息的柑橘叶片光合色素含量分析技术研究

暗箱环境下采集柑橘叶片高光谱图像,采用阈值法提取整叶有效光谱信息区域的平均光谱,比对分析了柑橘叶片光谱信息不同预处理方法和光谱PLS、BPNN和LS-SVM预测模型对叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素等光合色素含量的预测精度。结果显示,采用MSC对原始光谱进行预处理和LS-SVM建模对叶绿素a含量的预测效果较好,Rp达0.898 3,RMSEP为0.140 4;采用SNV光谱预处理和LS-SVM模型对叶绿素b含量的预测其Rp为0.912 3,RMSEP为0.042 6;采用MAS预处理和PLS模型对于类胡萝卜素含量预测的Rp和RMSEP分别为0.712 8和0.062 4。结果表明:采用高光谱图像信息可较好地进行柑橘叶片叶绿素a,叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素等光合色素含量的预测,为进一步研究柑橘叶片光合色素含量与组分构成的非损伤实时检测提供了依据。     

生物合成纳米金与MWCNTs/L-Cys复合修饰玻碳电极测定左旋多巴

利用荷叶萃取液生物合成纳米金,并与多壁碳纳米管/L-半胱氨酸复合成修饰电极材料,研究了左旋多巴在该修饰电极上的电化学行为.在0.2 mol/L乙酸-乙酸钠体系(pH=2.6)中,氧化峰电流与左旋多巴浓度在0.6~40μmol/L及60~120μmol/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,检出限达5.2×10-8mol/L.实验结果表明,生物合成纳米金复合多壁碳纳米管/L-半胱氨酸修饰电极具有良好的稳定性和高灵敏度,对实际样品测定的回收率在91.2%~102.5%之间.