Insecticidal potential of Ocimum canum plant extracts against Anopheles stephensi,Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus larval and adult mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae)

Mosquitoes have developed resistance to various synthetic insecticides, making their control increasingly difficult. Insecticides of botanical origin may serve as suitable natural control. This study evaluates the toxic potential of Ocimum canum (Sims) leaf extract and powder against Anopheles stephensi (Liston), Aedes aegypti (Lin) and Culex quinquefasciatus (Say) larval and adult mosquitoes. Larval mortality was observed after 24 h recovery period and adult smoke toxicity observed for 40 min duration at 10 min interval. Methanol extract of O. canum showed highest larval mortality against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus LC₅₀ = 28.3225, LC₉₀ = 44.1150; Ae. aegypti LC₅₀ = 43.327, LC₉₀ = 61.249; and An. stephensi LC₅₀ = 30.2001, LC₉₀ = 48.2866 ppm. The smoke toxicities were 93% mortality in C. quinquefasciatus, 74% in Ae. aegypti and 79% in An. stephensi adults, respectively, whereas 100% mortality was recorded in the commercial mosquito control. Our results suggest that O. canum leaf extract and powder are natural insecticide, and ideal eco friendly approach for mosquito control.     

关于人膝关节生物力学模型的研究现状

建立人膝关节模型是生物力学研究领域中最具挑战性的课题之一．本文对人膝关节生物力学模型的研究现状予以简单的评估和综述．结果显示:目前用于研究人膝关节的大部分模型,均属静力或准静力模型;仅建立了极少的人膝关节解剖基生物动力模型,且均属二维动力模型．因此,建立一个三维真实人膝关节生物动力模型是目前迫在眉睫的工作      

界面裂纹问题的解析—变分解法及其在复合材料盖板胶接件中的应用

本文根据穆斯海里什维利求解各向同性平面问题与列赫尼兹基求解各向异性平面问题的广义复变函数理论与本征函数展开法,分析了复合材料盖板胶接件的分层问题,得到了精确满足所有基本方程、裂纹表面边界条件与层间连续条件的位移场与应力场本征展开式.进而利用分区广义变分原理满足裂纹表面以外的边界条件并由此确定应力强度因子.     

Vector subdivision schemes and multiple wavelets

We consider solutions of a system of refinement equations written in the form

where the vector of functions is in and is a finitely supported sequence of matrices called the refinement mask. Associated with the mask is a linear operator defined on by . This paper is concerned with the convergence of the subdivision scheme associated with , i.e., the convergence of the sequence in the -norm.

Our main result characterizes the convergence of a subdivision scheme associated with the mask in terms of the joint spectral radius of two finite matrices derived from the mask. Along the way, properties of the joint spectral radius and its relation to the subdivision scheme are discussed. In particular, the -convergence of the subdivision scheme is characterized in terms of the spectral radius of the transition operator restricted to a certain invariant subspace. We analyze convergence of the subdivision scheme explicitly for several interesting classes of vector refinement equations.

Finally, the theory of vector subdivision schemes is used to characterize orthonormality of multiple refinable functions. This leads us to construct a class of continuous orthogonal double wavelets with symmetry.

     

Activation of the Nrf2 Pathway as a Therapeutic Strategy for ALS Treatment

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive and fatal disease that causes motoneurons degeneration and functional impairment of voluntary muscles, with limited and poorly efficient therapies. Alterations in the Nrf2-ARE pathway are associated with ALS pathology and result in aberrant oxidative stress, making the stimulation of the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response a promising therapeutic strategy in ALS to reduce oxidative stress. In this review, we first introduce the involvement of the Nrf2 pathway in the pathogenesis of ALS and the role played by astrocytes in modulating such a protective pathway. We then describe the currently developed activators of Nrf2, used in both preclinical animal models and clinical studies, taking into consideration their potentialities as well as the possible limitations associated with their use.     

Phospholipid lung surfactant and nanoparticle surface toxicity: Lessons from diesel soots and silicate dusts

Because of their small size, the specific surface areas of nanoparticulate materials (NP), described as particles having at least one dimension smaller than 100 nm, can be large compared with micrometer-sized respirable particles. This high specific surface area or nanostructural surface properties may affect NP toxicity in comparison with micrometer-sized respirable particles of the same overall composition. Respirable particles depositing on the deep lung surfaces of the respiratory bronchioles or alveoli will contact pulmonary surfactants in the surface hypophase. Diesel exhaust ultrafine particles and respirable silicate micrometer-sized insoluble particles can adsorb components of that surfactant onto the particle surfaces, conditioning the particles surfaces and affecting their in vitro expression of cytotoxicity or genotoxicity. Those effects can be particle surface composition-specific. Effects of particle surface conditioning by a primary component of phospholipid pulmonary surfactant, diacyl phosphatidyl choline, are reviewed for in vitro expression of genotoxicity by diesel exhaust particles and of cytotoxicity by respirable quartz and aluminosilicate kaolin clay particles. Those effects suggest methods and cautions for assaying and interpreting NP properties and biological activities.     

考虑联盟结构的联合采购合作剩余分配博弈分析

联合采购合作剩余分配本质是在最大联盟剩余值与最小期望分配值之间的谈判协商过程。当前联合采购合作剩余分配研究主要基于参与企业地位无差别假设,忽略了联盟结构对剩余分配具有明显影响。基于联盟形成的层次结构,研究论证了采购企业通过组建小联盟形式参与更大联盟的联合采购,可提升其在分配谈判中的话语权。通过算例分析表明,考虑联盟结构的联合采购合作剩余分配相对于不考虑联盟结构得到的分配方案更具公平性和合理性。     

The Detection of Defects in Optical Fibers Using a Hybrid Opto-electronic Correlator

A hybrid opto-electronic correlator for detecting defects in optical fibers is proposed. After the light from a He-Ne laser being expanded and filtered it is not collimated but directly passes a Fourier transform lens and illuminates a reference fiber and a test fiber at the same input plane. The Fourier transform spectrum of the two fibers is therefore obtained at the rear focal plane of the lens, where it is sampled via a CCD array connected with a computer through a frame grabber. The computer performs filter, inverse Fourier transform and setting threshold operation on classification. The system is an equivalent of joint transform correlator with a Fourier lens of long focal length. The experiment results for optical fibers having incoordinate defects are presented. The results indicate that the system can be used for fiber defect detection, and has the advantages of high identification, compact configuration, easy adjustment and flexible manipulation.     

用联合变换相关器实现灰阶图像绝对差度量光学匹配

将绝对差度量（ＡＤＭ）引入联合变换相关器（ＪＴＣ）,实现了灰阶图像光学匹配的计算机模拟实验,利用循环编码方法,通过联合变换相关器一步绝对差度量,相关后的图像通过取高阈值的分割方法来实现对目标的准确判断,针对高斯噪声干扰情况,分析了阈值选择问题,提高了灰阶目标识别抵抗器材怕畸变干扰的能力。     

一种基于功率谱对数变换的联合变换相关器

联合功率谱的高频成份对相关峰识别具有重要作用,实验中记录的联合功率谱随着频率的增加其强度迅速降低。为增强联合功率谱的高频成分,改善其调制程度,可对功率谱进行对数变换,从而有效保留更多的高频成份,压低零级衍射光斑,提高联合变换相关器的识别能力。