基于免疫遗传算法的多重序列比对

提出一种基于免疫遗传算法的多重序列比对的方法，它将一种免疫算子加入到遗传算法的框架中，通过对个体接种疫苗来进一步提升个体的存活能力，实验结果表明，该方法可以加快收敛速度，并能求出比遗传算法更优的解。     

Hybrid Nanoreactors: Enabling an Off‐the‐Shelf Strategy for Concurrently Enhanced Chemo‐immunotherapy

Immunosuppressive tumors generally exhibit poor response to immune checkpoint blockade based cancer immunotherapy. Rationally designed hybrid nanoreactors are now presented that have integrated functions as Fenton catalysts and glutathione depletion agents for amplifying the immunogenic cell death and activating immune cells. A simple physical mixture of nanoreactors and chemodrugs in combination with immune checkpoint blockades show synergistically and concurrently enhanced chemo‐immunotherapy efficacy, inhibiting the growth of both treated primary immunosuppressive tumors and untreated distant tumors. The off‐the‐shelf strategy uses tumor antigens generated in situ and avoids cargo loading, and is thus a substantial advance in personalized nanomedicine for clinical translation.     

Polypeptides with High Zwitterion Density for Safe and Effective Therapeutics

The commonly used “stealth material” poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) effectively promotes the pharmacokinetics of therapeutic cargos while reducing their immune response. However, recent studies have suggested that PEG could induce adverse reactions, including the emergence of anti‐PEG antibodies and tissue histologic changes. An alternative stealth material with no or less immunogenicity and organ toxicity is thus urgently needed. We designed a polypeptide with high zwitterion density (PepCB) as a stealth material for therapeutics. Neither tissue histological changes in liver, kidney, or spleen, nor abnormal behavior, sickness or death was induced by the synthesized polymer after high‐dosage administration for three months in rats. When conjugated to a therapeutic protein uricase, the uricase–PepCB bioconjugate showed significantly improved pharmacokinetics and immunological properties compared with uricase–PEG conjugates.     

Natural and edible biopolymer poly-gamma-glutamic acid: synthesis, production, and applications

Poly-gamma-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) is a very promising biodegradable polymer that is produced by Bacillus subtilis. Gamma-PGA is water-soluble, anionic, biodegradable, and edible. This paper reviews the production of a strain of gamma-PGA and recent developments with respect to applications in terms of Ca absorption, moisturizing properties, gamma-PGA conjugation, super absorbent polymer, and so on. Our recent research shows that gamma-PGA can be used as an immune-stimulating and anti-tumor agent, especially at high molecular weight.     

免疫法制备液相色谱生物样品的研究——血中沙丁胺醇的分析

用动物免疫法制备了免疫亲和柱纯化水溶性的沙丁胺醇血浆样品。琥珀酸酐交联沙丁胺醇和牛血清白蛋白获得抗原免疫家兔抗沙丁胺醇抗体——免疫球蛋白。琼脂糖Ｓｅｐｈａｒｏｓｅ４Ｂ与抗体交联制成免疫球蛋白亲和柱。对高效液相色谱法测定中的一般提取方法和固相小柱提取法作了比较，后者具有内源性杂质干扰少的优点，是生物样品预处理的一种有效的方法     

Computing the complexity for Schelling segregation models

The Schelling segregation models are “agent based” population models, where individual members of the population (agents) interact directly with other agents and move in space and time. In this note we study one-dimensional Schelling population models as finite dynamical systems. We define a natural notion of entropy which measures the complexity of the family of these dynamical systems. The entropy counts the asymptotic growth rate of the number of limit states. We find formulas and deduce precise asymptotics for the number of limit states, which enable us to explicitly compute the entropy.     

Speech acts, commitment and multi-agent communication

The principle aim of this paper is to reconsider the suitability of Austin and Searle’s Speech Act theory as a basis for agent communication languages. Two distinct computational interpretations of speech acts are considered: the standard “mentalistic” approach associated with the work of Cohen and Levesque which involves attributing beliefs and intentions to artificial agents, and the “social semantics” approach originating (in the context of MAS) with Singh which aims to model commitments that agents undertake as a consequence of communicative actions. Modifications and extensions are proposed to current commitment-based analyses, drawing on recent philosophical studies by Brandom, Habermas and Heath. A case is made for adopting Brandom’s framework of normative pragmatics, modelling dialogue states as deontic scoreboards which keep track of commitments and entitlements that speakers acknowledge and hearers attribute to other interlocutors. The paper concludes by outlining an update semantics and protocol for selected locutions. Rodger Kibble is a Lecturer in the Department of Computing, Goldsmiths College, University of London. He has worked as a researcher at the Information Technology Research Institute, University of Brighton, and the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London. He received his PhD from the Centre for Cognitive Science in the University of Edinburgh in 1997. He has published conference papers and journal articles in the formal semantics of natural language, natural language generation, anaphora resolution, dialogue modelling, argumentation and multi-agent communication; and coedited Information Sharing: Reference and Presupposition in Language Generation and Interpretation (CSLI, 2002).     

Polymer complexes. LXXVII. Synthesis,characterization, spectroscopic studies and immune response in cattle of quinoline polymer complexes

A series of novel polymeric metal complexes of Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III) with 5,5′‐{(1E,1E′)‐1,4‐phenylenebis(diazene‐2,1‐diyl)}bis(quinolin‐8‐ol) (H₂L) ligand were synthesized and characterized using elemental analyses, ¹H NMR, mass, infrared, UV–visible and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopies, magnetic moment and conductivity measurements as well as thermal analyses. The spectral and analytical data revealed the ligand adopted a neutral bidentate fashion when binding to metal ions via the nitrogen of azomethine of pyridine ring and the deprotonated hydroxyl group. Electronic and magnetic susceptibility measurements of the polymer complexes indicated octahedral geometry for all polymer complexes. The ESR spectral data provided information about the structures on the basis of Hamiltonian parameters and the degree of covalency. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between the H₂L and the receptor of breast cancer (3hb5). The immune response of the synthesized polymer complexes with bovine respiratory syncytial (BRS) vaccine in cattle was studied using serum neutralizations test (SNT). It was found that the isolated polymer complexes with BRS vaccine caused a significant increase in the antibody titre against BRS virus in SNT compared to BRS vaccine alone.     

Author Index to Volume 33

A new compound floatation agent for graphite is described. It is very effective on the floatation of cryptocrystalline graphite. The structure and composition of the new floatation agent are studied by using Raman and infrared spectra.