基于改进免疫遗传算法的近红外光谱变量选择方法

该文在免疫遗传算法（IGA）的基础上,提出一种改进免疫遗传算法（iIGA）用于近红外光谱波长变量的选择。该算法舍去了原算法中固定抗体相似度阈值的思想,取而代之的是抗体相似度阈值自适应,同时引入精英保留策略和贪心算法思想,使得算法朝着正确的方向进行局部性探优。将该算法在玉米的淀粉和蛋白质含量数据集上进行实验测试,建立偏最小二乘（PLS）分析模型,并与IGA、遗传算法（GA）以及全谱方法进行了对比。结果表明,在玉米淀粉含量的预测上,iIGA相较于原IGA算法,预测集均方根误差（RMSEP）从0.312 0降至0.298 0,预测集预测精度提升4.5%;在玉米蛋白质含量的预测上,RMSEP从0.124 4降至0.110 3,预测集预测精度提升11.3%。分别对预测淀粉和蛋白质模型的RMSEP值进行显著性检验,F值分别为165.22和182.05,P值分别为9.5 × 10－23和4.5 × 10－24,P值均小于0.05,因此,iIGA能显著提升模型预测精度。     

免疫胶体金技术的应用与展望

免疫胶体金技术是一种新型固相标记免疫检测技术,因其独特的性质在许多领域得到广泛应用和快速发展。简述了免疫胶体金技术在电镜、光镜快速检测诊断中的发展以及在生物医学、免疫组织化学和细胞生物学等领域的研究和应用。未来免疫胶体金技术在提高胶体金制备质量的同时将实现定量和多元化检测。     

Mono- and Di-Fucosylated Glycans of the Parasitic Worm S. mansoni are Recognized Differently by the Innate Immune Receptor DC-SIGN

The parasitic worm, Schistosoma mansoni, expresses unusual fucosylated glycans in a stage-dependent manner that can be recognized by the human innate immune receptor DC-SIGN, thereby shaping host immune responses. We have developed a synthetic approach for mono- and bis-fucosylated LacdiNAc (LDN-F and LDN-DF, respectively), which are epitopes expressed on glycolipids and glycoproteins of S. mansoni. It is based on the use of monosaccharide building blocks having carefully selected amino-protecting groups, facilitating high yielding and stereoselective glycosylations. The molecular interaction between the synthetic glycans and DC-SIGN was studied by NMR and molecular modeling, which demonstrated that the α1,3-fucoside of LDN-F can coordinate with the Ca²⁺-ion of the canonical binding site of DC-SIGN allowing for additional interactions with the underlying LDN backbone. The 1,2-fucoside of LDN-DF can be complexed in a similar manner, however, in this binding mode GlcNAc and GalNAc of the LDN backbone are placed away from the protein surface resulting in a substantially lower binding affinity. Glycan microarray binding studies showed that the avidity and selectivity of binding is greatly enhanced when the glycans are presented multivalently, and in this format Le^x and LDN-F gave strong responsiveness, whereas no binding was detected for LDN-DF. The data indicates that S. mansoni has developed a strategy to avoid detection by DC-SIGN in a stage-dependent manner by the addition of a fucoside to a number of its ligands.     

基于甲基苯丙胺和吗啡的胶体金免疫层析试剂盒检测法的可靠性评价

通过固相萃取-液相色谱-多级质谱(SPE-LC-MS/MS)联用技术和毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒检测法对13种中药及调味品样品中甲基苯丙胺及吗啡分别进行定量分析,依据LC-MS/MS检测结果,对毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒检测法进行可靠性评价。实验结果表明:型号1试剂盒对甲基苯丙胺和吗啡的特异性均不高,检测准确率分别为57.7%与78.8%;型号2试剂盒对甲基苯丙胺的特异性不足,准确率为73.1%,但对吗啡的检测准确率达到100%。在利用毒品胶体金免疫层析试剂盒进行毒品快速筛查时,应注重排除干扰因素以提高免疫胶体金层析试剂盒的检测准确度。     

双靶向CdTe量子点的制备及其在细胞标记中的应用

以巯基乙酸和巯基乙酰肼为稳定剂,制备了酸度敏感型CdTe量子点。经与抗体链接,该量子点具备酸度敏感、免疫识别双重靶向功能。经荧光光谱分析、透射电镜图像及细胞免疫成像证明,抗体已成功链接于量子点表面,且该量子点具有酸度敏感及抗体识别的双重靶向功能,可以实现对肿瘤细胞的特异性标记。     

基于免疫记忆克隆算法的指数化投资组合优化构建策略

本文基于克隆选择学说及基于克隆选择学说及生物免疫响应过程的相关机理,提出用于指数化投资的免疫记忆克隆算法,并将其应用于指数化投资组合优化构建模型的求解,旨在探索指数化投资的优化构建策略。文章首先提出多目标的指数化投资组合构建模型。其次,分别设计了适用于指数化投资组合构建策略的抗原、抗体、亲和度函数、克隆选择算子、免疫记忆算子和相应的进化算法。该算法有效避免了传统遗传算法所存在的计算后期解的多样性差、易早熟以及收敛速度慢等缺点。同时,提出了限制投资组合中股票数量的启发式算法。最后,使用包括上证180指数在内的6组世界主要股票市场指数及其成份股的历史数据对模型及算法进行测算,结果表明算法具有良好的求解能力和收敛速度,所建模型的合理性和有效性亦被论证,模型和算法均具有很强的实践价值;     

磨机负荷专家控制系统设计及仿真研究

借鉴生物界的免疫反馈原理和遗传算法,利用模糊控制可以有效地实现对非线性、纯滞后、复杂的对象进行控制的优点,并结合PID与自寻优方法,设计出磨机负荷专家控制系统,用VB编写OPC客户端及控制程序,实现对磨机负荷的动态优化控制。试验结果表明,本文提出的控制策略能够很好的跟踪被控对象的参数变化,在存在干扰的情况下也能有较强的自适应能力,能够提高磨机台时产量,并提高矿厂的经济效益。     

A multiobjective immune algorithm based on a multiple-affinity model

This paper presents a new multiobjective immune algorithm based on a multiple-affinity model inspired by immune system (MAM-MOIA). The multiple-affinity model builds the relationship model among main entities and concepts in multiobjective problems (MOPs) and multiobjective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs), including feasible solution, variable space, objective space, Pareto-optimal set, ranking and crowding distance. In the model, immune operators including clonal proliferation, hypermutation and immune suppression are designed to proliferate superior antibodies and suppress the inferiors. MAM-MOIA is compared with NSGA-II, SPEA2 and NNIA in solving the ZDT and DTLZ standard test problems. The experimental study based on three performance metrics including coverage of two sets, convergence and spacing proves that MAM-MOIA is effective for solving MOPs.     

Initial Segments in Rogers Semilattices of \Sigma _n^0 -Computable Numberings

S. Goncharov and S. Badaev showed that for , there exist infinite families whose Rogers semilattices contain ideals without minimal elements. In this connection, the question was posed as to whether there are examples of families that lack this property. We answer this question in the negative. It is proved that independently of a family chosen, the class of semilattices that are principal ideals of the Rogers semilattice of that family is rather wide: it includes both a factor lattice of the lattice of recursively enumerable sets modulo finite sets and a family of initial segments in the semilattice of -degrees generated by immune sets.