Screen anticancer drug in vitro using resonance light scattering technique

An in vitro screening model using resonance light scattering (RLS) technique with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reagent as the reactive probe to target cancer cell was firstly developed. In this model, MTT was reduced by viable cancer cells to produce a purple formazan. Cell viability was proportional to the number of formazan induced strong light scattering signal. The inhibition rate of anticancer drug was found to vary inversely with the H₂₂-MTT system RLS intensity. So it was intuitive to see the sequence of the tumor suppressive activity of six anticancer drugs without data processing by RLS/MTT screening spectra. Compared with the traditional MTT method, this method has high sensitivity, low detection limit and quite intuitive screening results which were identical to those obtained from the MTT colorimetric assay.     

HBx介导的促肝癌作用

乙型肝炎病毒（Hepatitis B virus,HBV）感染是诱发原发性肝癌的主要原因之一.HBV存在4个相互重叠的开放读码框：S,C,P和X区.其中X基因表达的蛋白HBx被认为是诱导肝癌发生的一种多功能致癌蛋白,它可以作用于众多信号通路及细胞因子从而诱发肝癌.本文根据最新的研究,选择其中p53和NF-κB两条信号通路及HBx与表观遗传修饰的相关性进行了探讨,目的在于部分揭示HBV感染诱发肝癌的发病机理.     

同步荧光光谱法研究肿瘤芳香族氨基酸残基含量的变化

用同步荧光光谱法评估原发性肝细胞癌患者血浆、肝癌荷瘤小鼠以及培养细胞(HepG2和HL-7702)中酪氨酸(Tyr)和色氨酸(Trp)残基水平变化。固定发射波长λ_em和激发波长λ_ex之间的波长差Δλ分别为20和60 nm,激发和发射单色器同时进行扫描,确定350 nm为Trp的同步特征发射峰位置,318 nm为Tyr的同步特征发射峰位置。结果表明,肝癌患者及荷瘤小鼠血浆蛋白质所含Tyr和Trp残基的荧光强度明显增加。相反,肝癌细胞或荷瘤小鼠肿瘤组织中Tyr和Trp残基荧光强度却随生长时间增长而减少。进一步实验表明,具有抗癌活性的苦参碱处理癌细胞后,细胞Tyr和Trp残基的荧光强度升高。这些结果表明,Tyr和Trp残基的变化可能参与了肿瘤的发生发展。     

Raman spectroscopy at different excitation wavelengths (1064, 785 and 532 nm) as a tool for diagnosis of colon cancer

Raman spectroscopy is structure sensitive non‐destructive method that allows observing the status of biological tissues with minimal impact. This method has a great potential in the diagnosis of various types of degenerative diseases including cancer damages. Near‐infrared Fourier transform (NIR‐FT)‐Raman (λ_ex ~1064 nm), NIR‐visible (Vis)‐Raman (λ_ex ~785 nm) and Vis‐Raman (λ_ex ~532 nm) spectra of normal and colorectal carcinoma colon tissue samples were recorded in macroscopic mode at 10–20 randomly chosen independent sites. In the cases of NIR‐Vis‐ and Vis‐Raman spectra, enhanced resonance effects were observed for tissue chromophores absorbing in the visible area. Evident spectral differences were noticed for Raman spectra of normal colon tissue samples in comparison with abnormal samples. The average Raman spectra of colon tissue samples were analysed by principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate normal and abnormal tissues. PCA of combined dataset containing Raman intensities of chosen NIR‐FT, NIR‐Vis or Vis‐Raman bands led to discrimination of normal and abnormal colon tissue samples. Therefore, combination of these three Raman methods can be helpful for recognizing cancer lesions in colon for diagnostic purposes. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Magnetic resonance differentiation between T2 and T1 gallbladder carcinoma: significance of subserosal enhancement on the delayed phase dynamic study

Purpose

The aim of this study is to investigate whether subserosal enhancement on the delayed-phase dynamic magnetic resonance (MR) study (SED) can differentiate T2 from T1 gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).

Methods

The institutional research board approved this retrospective study. Between 1997 and 2006, there were surgically proven 11 T1 and 21 T2 GBC in 30 patients, all of whom had undergone preoperative contrast enhanced dynamic MR study, either with a 2D sequence (n=17) or 3D sequences (n=15). All images were reviewed by two radiologists for the presence of SED, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were calculated by consensus.

Results

The areas under the ROC curves of the two readers were 0.91 and 0.86, and the kappa value was 0.78. Of the 21 T2 GBC, 18 and 3 showed positive and negative SED, respectively. Of the 11 T1 GBC, 1 and 10 showed positive and negative SED, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of SED for diagnosing T2 lesions were 86%, 88%, 91% and 77%, respectively.

Conclusions

In conclusion, SED may be a useful sign to differentiate T2 from T1 GBC, which would affect the preoperative surgical planning of the patients.     

Probing the Adhesion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma HepG2 and SK‐Hep‐1 Cells

Carcinoma cell differentiation stage is an important indicator of cell behavior. For example, cell mobility is much higher for poorly‐differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma SK‐Hep‐1 cells than for well‐differentiated HepG2 cells. In this study, we have cultured HepG2 and SK‐Hep‐1 cells on chemically patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) substrates to observe differences in the adhesion properties and cell structure that occur due to the patterns. Both cell lines showed a preference for the hydrophobic regions on the patterned PDMS surface with SK‐Hep‐1 cells achieving a higher density than HepG2 for the same cell‐count solutions. Further, SK‐Hep‐1 cells adopted the square or hexagonal shape of the surface patterns while HepG2 cells maintained their more rounded shape. AFM force measurement arrays were also performed on the cell surfaces to measure and map adhesion values between the tip and cell surface membrane. These results demonstrate that, in addition to cell shape and size, adhesion expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells is differentiation stage dependent. Further, the ability of the SK‐Hep‐1 cells to adopt the shape of the substrate pattern indicates they are more structurally labile, which may contribute to their higher mobility.     

傅里叶变换红外光谱用于胆囊癌细胞及其细胞核结构的基础研究

应用傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)对体外培养胆囊癌细胞、细胞核进行检测,对照胆囊癌组织光谱特征,研究胆囊癌细胞株及细胞核的光谱表现;为红外光谱法诊断胆囊癌奠定细胞学基础。应用美国Nicolet(尼高力)公司5700-Ⅱ型红外光谱仪,组织标本放置于OMNIC采样器表面进行检测,记录红外光谱;体外培养胆囊癌细胞株(GBC-SD)及提取的细胞核涂于欧米采样器表面进行红外检测,记录红外光谱,得到时间轴上体外培养细胞株及细胞核的光谱图;选择特征性光谱与胆囊癌组织光谱进行比对。结果发现胆囊癌细胞株红外光谱特征与相应癌组织光谱特征存在异同。从而可得出结论：将体外培养肿瘤细胞株及提取的肿瘤细胞核,进行FTIR测定是行之有效的细胞红外光谱检测手段,能得到体外培养细胞的红外谱图;胆囊癌组织所表现的红外光谱特征具有胆囊癌细胞本身的红外光谱特征,同时也具有组织自身的复杂特点;FTIR为应用于胆囊癌的定性诊断提供了更加丰富的细胞学基础。     

Inhibition of Salidroside on Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

To evaluate the role of salidroside on proliferation,apoptosis and invasiveness of salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma cells(SACC),immunocytochemical staining was employed to detect proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),caspase 3 and caspase 8 expression in SACC-2 cells.Modified Boyden chamber assay combined with laser confocal microscopy(LSCM) was used to evaluate the invasion and migration abilities of SACC-2 cells at different time point.Immunohistochemistry staining revealed that the expression of PCNA was significantly decreased(P0.01) after salidroside treatment.In contrast,salidroside treatment led to increased caspase 3 and caspase 8 in SACC-2 cells.Cell migration depth and number of cells that penetrated Boyden chamber were also decreased by salidroside.Salidroside potently inhibits the proliferation and simultaneously induces the apoptosis of SACC-2 cells.Migration and invasion of SACC-2 cells are also inhibited.Our data throw light on potential clinical application of salidroside to the patients with SACC.     

大肠癌与七种元素关系的分析

用原子吸收光谱法测定了38例大肠癌组织及其边缘组织中铬、锰、锌、铁、镁、钙、铜的含量.结果表明,癌组织中锰含量(0.281±0.179)×10-6,镁含量(76.85±17.66)×10-6,高于其边缘组织(P＜0.01).七种元素含量与大肠癌的病理类型及分化程度无关.提示,大肠癌的发生与锰、镁的含量变化有关.