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71.
72.
本文在客户问卷调查的基础上,结合国外有关的物流企业客户服务指标,建立了物流客户服务水平评价的指标体系,同时应用定性与定量分析相结合的方法,建立了属性综合评价的物流客户服务水平评价模型,并给出了具体的应用实例. 相似文献
73.
Theoretical assessment of the errors involved in ultrasonic location and sizing of molten weld pools
Ultrasonic transit times may be used to locate the interface between molten weld metal and parent plate as a weld is formed. These transit times will lead to errors in interpretation of the location of the weld interface if account is not taken of the variation of ultrasonic velocity with temperature. We assess the magnitude of these errors using a theoretical model based on the Green's function to obtain the temperature distribution at any time and then convert the temperatures into elastic constants through empirical fits to high temperature data. A ray tracing method and a semi-analytical approach are used to estimate the effects of the changes in elastic constants on the ray paths and transit times. From these theoretical predictions we conclude that the location errors incurred by assuming ultrasonic velocities appropriate to cold metal are less than 0.5 mm for a 3.5 mm radius weld in austenitic steel or in iron. Experimental values tend to be larger than this, possibly suggesting that the solid-liquid interface is not as perfect as in the theoretical model. Under all of the conditions investigated, predicted errors are smaller with compression waves than with shear waves. 相似文献
74.
敌情威胁程度的判断是定下作战决心的基础.提出利用多级模糊综合评判的方法,首先利用层次分析法(AHP法)综合专家的判断,建立权重集,然后利用模糊综合评判理论对对战场某一指定区域的模糊敌情进行威胁程度判断,从而将两种方法的优点综合起来.并给出了一个应用该方法的海区模糊敌情判断实例,结论说明该方法可行. 相似文献
75.
The degradation and recovery processes are multi-scale phenomena in many physical, engineering, biological, and social systems, and determine the aging of the entire system. Therefore, understanding the interplay between the two processes at the component level is the key to evaluate the reliability of the system. Based on the principle of maximum entropy, an approach is proposed to model and infer the processes at the component level, and is applied to repairable and non-repairable systems. By incorporating the reliability block diagram, this approach allows for integrating the information of network connectivity and statistical moments to infer the hazard or recovery rates of the degradation or recovery processes. The overall approach is demonstrated with numerical examples. 相似文献
76.
Xiangwei You Chengcheng Sui Xiuguo Wang Jinli Xu Xiao Zheng 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2017,97(13):1253-1265
A rapid, sensitive, and selective method using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe procedure in combination with high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of fenaminstrobin in peanut and soil. The average recoveries in all samples fall within 88.1%–10%, having relative standard deviations of 2.5%–14%. The limits of quantitation of fenaminstrobin in peanut shell, peanut kernels, peanut plant, and soil were 0.005, 0.004, 0.01, and 0.002 mg kg?1, respectively. The field trial results show that the half-lives of fenaminstrobin in peanut plant and soil are 1.3–10 and 5.5–20 days, respectively. Residues in peanut kernels were found to be present at <0.004 mg kg?1 levels, based on good agricultural practices recommended by the manufacturer. The risk posed by fenaminstrobin exposure at the recommended dosage is negligible to humans, depending on the risk quotient. 相似文献
77.
在长30m,公称直径(Dg)分别为50、65、80和100mm的管道内,进行了C_2H_2分解爆轰实验。用O_2—C_2H_2爆轰波引爆C_2H_2,测量了管道内的爆轰压力,及在管道端面上的反射压力。与以前认为在管径500mm管道内不会出现自持的C_2H_2分解爆轰的意见相反,在这样的管道内也发生了C_2H_2分解炸轰。在管端测到了1700kg/cm~2的异常高压,并对数次异常高压的破坏威力作了记录。 相似文献
78.
Reinout Heijungs Gjalt Huppes Jeroen B. Guinée 《Polymer Degradation and Stability》2010,95(3):422-1719
There are many approaches to study the environmental and sustainability aspects of production and consumption. Some of these reside at the level of concepts, e.g., industrial ecology, design for environment, and cleaner production. Other approaches are based on the use of quantitative models, e.g., life cycle assessment, material flow accounting and strategic environmental assessment. This paper focuses on the development of a framework that is able to incorporate different models for environmental analysis, with the option of a broader scope that also includes economic and social aspects, thus covering the three pillars of sustainability. This framework builds on the ISO-framework for life cycle assessment, but takes a broader view, and allows us to move from micro questions on specific products, via meso questions on life styles up to macro questions in which the entire societal structure is part of the analysis. 相似文献
79.
Viktor Jobbágy Norbert Kávási János Somlai Borbála Máté Tibor Kovács 《Microchemical Journal》2010,94(2):159-165
Hungary is rich in spring waters. A survey studying the naturally occurring alpha emitter radionuclides in 30 frequently visited and regularly consumed spring waters was conducted out in the Balaton Upland region of Hungary.226Ra, 224Ra, 234U, 238U and 210Po activity concentrations were determined by using alpha spectrometry after separation from matrix elements. Average concentration (mBq L− 1) of 226Ra, 224Ra, 234U, 238U and 210Po in the spring waters is varied from 2.1 to 601, from < 1.1 to 65.4, from 3.9 to 741.9, from < 0.44 to 274.3 and from 2 to 15.2 respectively. In most cases radioactive disequilibrium was observed between uranium and radium isotopes. The doses for the analyzed samples of spring water are in the range 3.59–166.73 μSv y− 1 with an average 18.2 μSv y− 1 .This is well below the 100 μSv y− 1 reference level of the committed effective dose recommended by WHO. Only one water sample had a dose higher than 100 μSv y− 1, mainly due to the contribution from radium (226Ra, 224Ra) and 210Po isotopes. This study provides important information for consumers and authorities about their internal radiological exposure risk from spring water intake. 相似文献
80.
Nader Ebrahimi 《商业与工业应用随机模型》2014,30(3):294-302
In nanoscience and nanotechnology, much attention has been given to the dual problem of designing nanocomponents with novel physical properties and how such nanocomponents can be fabricated. Receiving less attention has been the question of the nanocomponent's reliability; how does a nanocomponent fail and how long does a nanocomponent survive under typical operating conditions? High reliability is necessary to guarantee the advancement and utilization of nanocomponents due to the fact that they account for a high proportion of costs of newly designed nanosystems as well as multiscale systems. A nanocomponent is a component that is made of atoms, and its reliability is determined by these atoms. There are situations where it is hard or impossible to extract information from a nanocomponent about its relationship to its atoms. In this article, we assess the nanocomponent's reliability by using its physical properties. Specifically, it is known that nanocrack growth involves considerable statistical variability and such variability should be accounted for assessing growth. In this paper, we first provide a stochastic nanocrack growth model and then evaluate the reliability of a nanocomponent based on this model. Various properties of this model are obtained. We also evaluate the reliability of a nanocomponent under different assumptions on our proposed growth model. This paper is a modification of the extensive literature on modeling fatigue cracks in materials on a larger scale, applied to nanoscale where growth is not a function of cumulative stress on the component but related to the time to first exceedance of a threshold. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献