Relationship between first mobilization following the onset of stroke and clinical outcomes in patients with ischemic stroke in the general ward of a hospital: A cohort study

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of first mobilization following a stroke with independently performing the activities of daily living at discharge in acute phase ischemic stroke patients in a general ward of a hospital. Methods: A total of 158 patients with ischemic strokes were admitted to a general ward from June 1, 2014 to March 31, 2015. Of the 158 patients, 53 met the study''s eligibility criteria. First mobilization was defined as the transfer of a patient from the bed to a wheelchair by a rehabilitation therapist. A favorable primary outcome at discharge was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of < 3. The outcome was analyzed using the proportional hazards analysis and receiver operating characteristic curves. Results: The age of the participants was 78.2 ± 11.7 years, stroke severity evaluated by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores on admission was 14.3 ± 10.6 points, and first mobilization of this population was 6.4 ± 5.2 days. Thirteen [25%] patients had a favorable outcome. Hazards analysis showed a favorable outcome due to first mobilization (adjusted hazards ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval 0.65-0.98; p < 0.05). The cutoff point for first mobilization to produce a favorable outcome was 6.5 days after the stroke onset (area under the curve 0.729; p < 0.05). Conclusion: As seen in stroke units, early first mobilization is associated with improved clinical outcomes in ischemic stroke patients admitted to a general ward.     

Extraction and separation of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors from Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf based on a hyphenated technique and in vitro methods

Stroke is one of the most common diseases worldwide. Lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of ischemic stroke, with natural products considered a promising source of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors. In this study, ultrafiltration liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry was used for the screening and identification of lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors from Poria cocos . Five lactate dehydrogenase inhibitors were selected: dehydropachymic acid, pachymic acid, dehydrotrametenolic acid, trametenolic acid, and eburicoic acid. The inhibitors were extracted and isolated with purities of 96.75, 98.15, 97.25, 95.46, and 94.88%, respectively, by using a new “hyphenated” strategy of microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with counter‐current chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography by a two‐phase solvent system of n‐hexane/ethyl acetate/ethanol/water at the volume ratio 0.965:1.000:0.936:0.826 v/v/v/v. The bioactivity of the isolated compounds was assessed using the 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay in PC12 cells. The results also showed that the hyphenated technique of microwave‐assisted extraction coupled with counter‐current chromatography and centrifugal partition chromatography was an efficient method for the continuous extraction and online isolation of chemical constituents from medicinal herbs. Furthermore, the research route based on the activity screening, extraction, separation, and activity verification of the compounds offered advantages of efficiency, orientation, and objectivity.     

Positive Effect of α-Asaronol on the Incidence of Post-Stroke Epilepsy for Rat with Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

In the present study, we confirmed that α-asaronol, which is a product of the active metabolites of alpha Asarone, did not affect n-butylphthalide efficacy when n-butylphthalide and α-asaronol were co-administered to rats with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Our research revealed that the co-administration of α-asaronol and n-butylphthalide could further improve neurological function, reduce brain infarct volume, increase the number of Nissl bodies, and decrease the ratios of apoptotic cells and the expression of the caspase-3 protein for cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury model compared to n-butylphthalide alone. Additionally, α-asaronol could significantly decrease the incidence of post-stroke epilepsy versus n-butylphthalide. This study provides valuable data for the follow-up prodrug research of α-asaronol and n-butylphthalide.     

Bridging a Century-Old Problem: The Pathophysiology and Molecular Mechanisms of HA Filler-Induced Vascular Occlusion (FIVO)—Implications for Therapeutic Interventions

Biocompatible hyaluronic acid (HA, hyaluronan) gel implants have altered the therapeutic landscape of surgery and medicine, fostering an array of innovative products that include viscosurgical aids, synovial supplements, and drug-eluting nanomaterials. However, it is perhaps the explosive growth in the cosmetic applications of injectable dermal fillers that has captured the brightest spotlight, emerging as the dominant modality in plastic surgery and aesthetic medicine. The popularity surge with which injectable HA fillers have risen to in vogue status has also brought a concomitant increase in the incidence of once-rare iatrogenic vaso-occlusive injuries ranging from disfiguring facial skin necrosis to disabling neuro-ophthalmological sequelae. As our understanding of the pathophysiology of these injuries has evolved, supplemented by more than a century of astute observations, the formulation of novel therapeutic and preventative strategies has permitted the amelioration of this burdensome complication. In this special issue article, we review the relevant mechanisms underlying HA filler-induced vascular occlusion (FIVO), with particular emphasis on the rheo-mechanical aspects of vascular blockade; the thromboembolic potential of HA mixtures; and the tissue-specific ischemic susceptibility of microvascular networks, which leads to underperfusion, hypoxia, and ultimate injury. In addition, recent therapeutic advances and novel considerations on the prevention and management of muco-cutaneous and neuro-ophthalmological complications are examined.     

Anticancer,Cardio-Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Natural-Sources-Derived Phenolic Acids

Phenolic acids (PAs) are one of the utmost prevalent classes of plant-derived bioactive chemicals. They have a specific taste and odor, and are found in numerous medicinal and food plants, such as Cynomorium coccineum L., Prunus domestica (L.), and Vitis vinifera L. Their biosynthesis, physical and chemical characteristics and structure–activity relationship are well understood. These phytochemicals and their derivatives exert several bioactivities including but not limited to anticancer, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, immune-regulatory and anti-obesity properties. They are strong antioxidants because of hydroxyl groups which play pivotal role in their anticancer, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective potential. They may play significant role in improving human health owing to anticarcinogenic, anti-arthritis, antihypertensive, anti-stroke, and anti-atherosclerosis activities, as several PAs have demonstrated biological activities against these disease during in vitro and in vivo studies. These PAs exhibited anticancer action by promoting apoptosis, targeting angiogenesis, and reducing abnormal cell growth, while anti-inflammatory activity was attributed to reducing proinflammatory cytokines. Pas exhibited anti-atherosclerotic activity via inhibition of platelets. Moreover, they also reduced cardiovascular complications such as myocardial infarction and stroke by activating Paraoxonase 1. The present review focuses on the plant sources, structure activity relationship, anticancer, anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective actions of PAs that is attributed to modulation of oxidative stress and signal transduction pathways, along with highlighting their mechanism of actions in disease conditions. Further, preclinical and clinical studies must be carried out to evaluate the mechanism of action and drug targets of PAs to understand their therapeutic actions and disease therapy in humans, respectively.     

认知功能障碍对脑卒中患者肢体运动功能及日常生活活动能力恢复的影响

为了解认知功能障碍对脑卒中患者的肢体运动功能及ＡＤＬ能力的恢复的影响,选择２０例患者,其中１０例为认知功能正常者,另１０例为认知功能异常者。两组病者都通过康复前后功能评价,康复治疗,然后进行对比分析。结果表明,康复前两组患者的肢体运动功能及ＡＤＬ能力无明显差异（Ｐ〉０．０）,康复后两组患者的运动功能及ＡＤＬ能力有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）,正常组患者疗效显著,而异常组患者疗效差。提示认知功能障碍严重     

Lack of Neuroprotective Effects of High-Density Lipoprotein Therapy in Stroke under Acute Hyperglycemic Conditions

Introduction: The pleiotropic protective effects of high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) on cerebral ischemia have never been tested under acute hyperglycemic conditions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effect of HDL intracarotid injection in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) under hyperglycemic conditions. Methods: Forty-two mice were randomized to receive either an intracarotid injection of HDLs or saline. Acute hyperglycemia was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of glucose (2.2 g/kg) 20 min before MCAO. Infarct size (2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC)-staining), blood–brain barrier leakage (IgG infiltration), and hemorrhagic changes (hemoglobin assay by ELISA and hemorrhagic transformation score) were analyzed 24 h post-stroke. Brain tissue inflammation (IL-6 by ELISA, neutrophil infiltration and myeloperoxidase by immunohisto-fluorescence) and apoptosis (caspase 3 activation) were also assessed. Results: Intraperitoneal D-glucose injection allowed HDL- and saline-treated groups to reach a blood glucose level of 300 mg/dl in the acute phase of cerebral ischemia. HDL injection did not significantly reduce mortality (19% versus 29% in the saline-injected group) or cerebral infarct size (p = 0.25). Hemorrhagic transformations and inflammation parameters were not different between the two groups. In addition, HDL did not inhibit apoptosis under acute hyperglycemic conditions. Conclusion: We observed a nonsignificant decrease in cerebral infarct size in the HDL group. The deleterious consequences of reperfusion such as hemorrhagic transformation or inflammation were not improved by HDL infusion. In acute hyperglycemia, HDLs are not potent enough to counteract the adverse effects of hyperglycemia. The addition of antioxidants to therapeutic HDLs could improve their neuroprotective capacity.     

内源性蛋白质分子成像的研究进展

酰氨质子转移（amide proton transfer, APT）成像是一种新的分子MRI技术,它可用来测量组织中内源性蛋白质. 理论上,APT-MRI信号强度主要取决于游离蛋白质的酰氨质子浓度以及交换速度,而酰氨质子交换速度与组织pH有关. 因此,APT-MRI技术已经被用于无创性中风pH成像（通常pH降低）和肿瘤蛋白质含量成像（通常蛋白质量提高）. 近期对大鼠的实验表明,APT-MRI技术可用来区分放射性坏死和胶质瘤. 该综述文章简要地介绍了APT成像的基本原理以及它在动物模型与临床中风和肿瘤成像中的应用.     

峰值电流达几千安量级的闪电M分量放电特征及机理探讨

利用2009年山东人工触发闪电实验获取的实测雷电流资料、近距离电场和高速摄像资料,分析了6次峰值电流达几千安量级的M分量.6次M分量均对应闪电通道中明显的发光亮度的脉冲式变化,持续时间小于1 ms.M分量的电流波形和近距离电场波形均呈较为对称的V形,且波形的上升时间均为几十微秒,同步记录结果显示,电场先于通道底部电流发生变化且先达到峰值.这些M分量在发生前,闪电通道中存在一定的连续电流,通道的导电性优于先导-回击过程.M分量发生前的闪电 关键词： 闪电 M分量')" href="#">M分量 先导-回击 通道电流