基于苯硼酸-糖蛋白相互作用的过氧化氢生物传感器

利用4,4’-二硫代二丁酸(DTBA)和3-氨基苯硼酸(PBA)反应合成了含苯硼酸基的二硫化物DTBAPBA,通过自组装技术将其固定于金电极表面。利用苯硼酸分子在水溶液中较温和以及易控制的条件下即可与1,2/1,3-邻二醇反应形成五元或六元环化合物的特点,将糖基化蛋白辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)共价键合于DTBAPBA修饰电极表面,构建了用于H2O2检测的生物传感界面。采用循环伏安、计时电流等方法对传感界面的构建过程和传感器的性能进行了研究。结果表明,在8.3×10-6-5.3×10-2 mol·L-1范围内,传感器响应电流与H2O2浓度呈良好的线性关系,可用于H2O2的灵敏性和选择性检测。     

叠氮化钠对辣根过氧化物酶的荧光猝灭机制的研究

研究了辣根过氧化物酶 (HRP)和叠氮化钠 (NaN3 )作用前后的荧光光谱变化。探讨了HRP的荧光猝灭机制 ,首次运用了HRP的荧光猝灭行为确认了HRP和NaN3 之间生成了配合物。计算了HRP和NaN3 之间生成的配合物的形成常数为 7 9× 10 8L·mol-1,结合位点数为 1。研究还发现 ,NaN3 与HRP的结合 ,影响了分子构象 ,使酪氨酸和色氨酸残基的微环境受到不同程度的影响。     

Light-Struck Taste in White Wine: Protective Role of Glutathione,Sulfur Dioxide and Hydrolysable Tannins

Light exposure of white wine can cause a light-struck taste (LST), a fault induced by riboflavin (RF) and methionine (Met) leading to the formation of volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs), including methanethiol (MeSH) and dimethyl disulfide (DMDS). The study aimed to investigate the impact of different antioxidants, i.e., sulfur dioxide (SO₂), glutathione (GSH) and chestnut tannins (CT), on preventing LST in model wine (MW) and white wine (WW), both containing RF and Met. Both MW and WW samples were added with the antioxidants, either individually or in different combinations, prior to 2-h light exposure and they were stored in the dark for 24 months. As expected, the light induced the degradation of RF in all the conditions assayed. Met also decreased depending on the antioxidants added. The presence of antioxidants limited the formation of LST as lower concentrations of VSCs were found in both MW and WW samples. In the latter matrix, neither MeSH nor DMDS were detected in the presence of CT, while only DMDS was found in WW+GSH, WW+SO₂+GSH and WW+CT+SO₂ samples at a concentration lower than the perception thresholds. Considering the antioxidants individually, the order of their effectiveness was CT ≥ GSH > SO₂ in WW under the adopted experimental conditions. The results indicate tannins as an effective enological tool for preventing LST in white wine and their use will be further investigated in different white wines under industrial scale.     

Continuous-flow system for horseradish peroxidase enzyme assay comprising a packed-column, an amperometric detector and a rotating bioreactor

The roles of chemical kinetics and mass transfer in three types of bioreactors (packed-column reactors, rotating disk bioreactors and amperometric detector), used with continuous-flow sample/reagent(s) processing, are discussed in detail. A normalized quantitative comparison between these types of reactors clearly shows that rotating disk reactors afford a significantly more efficient utilization of active sites and permit the effective utilization of very small amounts of biocatalysts. Horseradish peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), in presence of hydrogen peroxide catalyses the oxidation of [Os(bpy)₂Cl(pyCOOH)]Cl. The electrochemical reduction back of this cosubstrate is detected on glassy carbon electrode surface at 0.00 V. Furthermore, the critical effect of substrate and cosubstrate concentration on amperometric immunosensors construction in which HRP is used as an enzymatic label was studied.     

A new flavanone, reflexin, from Cuscuta reflexa and its selective sensing of nitric oxide

A new compound, reflexin, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-6-(2,3-epoxy-3-methylbutyl)-flavanone, is isolated from the stems of Cuscuta reflexa along with three other known compounds. This new compound has good potential for application especially in the photoactivity of reflexin. It was found to be sensitive to glutathione, forming a fluorescent product that is utilized for sensing nitric oxide (NO). The lowest detection limit of NO analysis was found to be 0.05 μM.     

隐性亮绿作为过氧化物酶催化测定过氧化氢底物的研究

研究了以隐性亮绿作为氢供体底物的辣根过氧化物酶－过氧化氢催化体系。该体系在ＰＨ＝６．４－７．５的条件下所形成的亮绿于６４０ｎｍ处有最大吸收。测定过氧化氢的摩尔吸光系数为９．３×１０＾４Ｌ．ｍｏｌ＾－１．ｃｍ＾－１；工作曲线的线性范围为０．０３６ｍｇ／Ｌ。方法可应用于雨水中过氧化氢含量的测定。     

Interference of non-specific peroxidases in the fluorescence detection of superoxide radical by hydroethidine oxidation: a new assay for H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>2</Subscript>

The present study shows that hydroethidine (HE), used for in-vivo qualitative fluorescent detection of superoxide anion, can be also oxidized by H₂O₂ via non-specific peroxidase (horseradish peroxidase and myeloperoxidase) catalysis, forming fluorescent oxidation products. These products give broad excitation/emission peaks (490–495/580–600 nm) near the excitation/emission peaks (475/580 nm) of the HE-superoxide oxidation product, and this may pose serious interference problems to the fluorescent detection of the superoxide radical. The study suggests cautionary use of the HE-superoxide anion assay mainly for detection of reactive oxygen species. A byproduct of this study was the development of a simple and sensitive HE-horseradish peroxidase assay for the in-vitro quantification of H₂O₂ in biological tissues with a sensitivity of 1 mol L^–1.     

Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of phenol with a nonionic polymer surfactant template in water

Peroxidase-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of phenol has been examined using the template, poly(ethylene glycol) monododecyl ether (PEGMDE), in water. The role of this template, which forms a complex with phenol in the polymerization, was verified by UV measurements. During the reaction, a complex of the resulting polymer and PEGMDE was precipitated in high yields. The amount and the PEG chain length of PEGMDE strongly affected the polyphenol yield. The unit molar ratio of polyphenol and PEG of the template was about 1:0.9. The presence of the PEGMDE template in the aqueous medium greatly improved the regioselectivity of the polymerization, yielding polyphenol with a phenylene unit content close to 90%. FT-IR, DSC, and XRD analyses confirmed the formation of the miscible complex of polyphenol and PEGMDE by hydrogen-bonding interactions.     

Characterization of the disulfides of bio-thiols by electrospray ionization and triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry

Glutathione and other intracellular low molecular mass thiols act both as the major endogenous antioxidant and redox buffer system and, as recently highlighted, as an important regulator of cellular homeostasis. Such cellular functions are mediated by protein thiolation, a newly recognized post-translational modification which involves the formation of mixed disulfides between GSH and key disulfide-linked Cys residues in the native protein structure. It is also well known that thiol-seeking heavy metals, such as mercury, cadmium and lead, may interfere in this regulatory system, thus disrupting the cellular functioning. To identify such mixed disulfides in order to investigate their biological role, 15 homo- and heterodimeric disulfides were prepared by air oxidation of binary mixtures containing cysteine, homocysteine, penicillamine, N-acetylcysteine, N-acetylpenicillamine and glutathione and their protonated molecules were characterized by mass spectrometry. Collisionally activated unimolecular decomposition of protonated homo- and heterodimeric disulfides generated by electrospray ionization gives rise to fission of the disulfide system both between the two sulfur atoms and across the C--S bonds, to yield structurally specific fragments which allow one to define the structure of the compounds and to discriminate between isomeric compounds. Fission between the sulfur atoms yields a pair of R--S(+) ions and, in some cases, also the complementary fragments corresponding to the protonated amino acids. Fission across the C--S bonds mainly occurs in the disulfides of N-acetylcysteine and N-acetylpenicillamine and gives rise to non-S-containing fragments formally similar to those obtained from some mercapturic acids. The complementary fragments, formally connected as R--S--S(+) ions are also observed. Fragmentation of glutathione disulfides mainly shows the characteristic loss of the terminal gamma-linked glutamic acid and little, if any, fragmentation of the disulfide system.     

Glutathione and methylation of inorganic arsenic in hamsters

The effect of giutathione (GSH) concentrations in livers and kidneys of hamsters on the toxicity and methylation of arsenite in these animals was studied. No significant changes in hepatic and renal GSH concentrations were observed after a single arsenite administration (5 mg As kg^?1, p.o.). When buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), an inhibitor of GSH synthesis, was given (4 mmol kg^?1, i.p.) two hours before administration of arsenite, hepatic and renal GSH concentrations were more severely and persistently depressed than in the case of BSO administration not followed by arsenite. Hamsters treated with BSO plus arsenite suffered from severe nephrotoxicity (acute renal failure) characterized by increases in plasma creatinine and urea nitrogen and by proximal tubular necrosis. Concurrently, transient hepatotoxicity was observed in the BSO plus arsenite group. Neither arsenite alone nor BSO alone produced liver or kidney injury. The BSO plus arsenite-treated animals excreted in the urine only 3.5% of the arsenic dose during the 72 h period after administration of arsenite, probably because of a decrease in urine volume caused by kidney injury, whereas the arsenite-only group excreted 27%. In addition, BSO pretreatment influenced the relative proportion of arsenic metabolites excreted in the urine during the first 24 h after administration. Urinary metabolites in the BSO plus arsenite group were predominantly inorganic arsenic. These results suggest that GSH provides protection against arsenic toxicity.