激光投影显示中光棒匀光的照明光路设计

在方棒照明系统的基础上,根据激光光源的发光特性和准直性,设计了一款用于激光投影显示的,基于光棒匀光的照明光路系统。此系统具有结构简单、开发周期短、加工成本低的优点。仿真结果表明:设计的激光投影机光能量利用率达到78%,均匀度达到85%,满足激光投影显示中对集光和照明的设计要求。     

Influence of an indefinite causal order on an Otto heat engine

The quantum effect plays an important role in quantum thermodynamics, and recently the application of an indefinite causal order to quantum thermodynamics has attracted much attention. Based on two trapped ions, we propose a scheme to add an indefinite causal order to the isochoric cooling stroke of an Otto engine through reservoir engineering. Then, we observe that the quasi-static efficiency of this heat engine is far beyond the efficiency of a normal Otto heat engine and may reach one. When the power is its maximum, the efficiency is also much higher than that of a normal Otto heat engine. This enhancement may originate from the non-equilibrium of the reservoir and the measurement on the control qubit.     

Online characterization of regulated and unregulated gaseous and particulate exhaust emissions from two-stroke mopeds: A chemometric approach

Two-stroke mopeds are a popular and convenient mean of transport in particular in the highly populated cities. These vehicles can emit potentially toxic gaseous and aerosol pollutants due to their engine technology. The legislative measurements of moped emissions are based on offline methods; however, the online characterization of gas and particulate phases offers great possibilities to understand aerosol formation mechanism and to adapt future emission standards. The purpose of this work was to study the emission behavior of two mopeds complying with different European emission standards (EURO-1 and EURO-2). A sophisticated set of online analyzers was applied to simultaneously monitor the gas phase and particulate phase of exhaust on a real time basis. The gaseous emission was analyzed with a high resolution Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR; nitrogen species) and a resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometer (REMPI-ToF-MS; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: PAH), whereas the particulate phase was chemically characterized by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS; organic, nitrate and chloride aerosol) and a multiangle absorption photometer (MAAP; black carbon). The physical characterization of the aerosol was carried out with a condensation particle counter (CPC; particle number concentration) and a fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS; size distribution in real time). In order to extract underlying correlation between gas and solid emissions, principal component analysis was applied to the comprehensive online dataset. Multivariate analysis highlighted the considerable effect of the exhaust temperature on the particles and heavy PAH emissions. The results showed that the after-treatment used to comply with the latest EURO-2 emission standard may be responsible for the production of more potentially harmful particles compared to the EURO-1 moped emissions.     

广义不可逆Braysson热机的性能优化

建立了一个考虑热阻、热漏和内不可逆性且热源和工质之间满足牛顿传热规律的不可逆Braysson热机模型。导出了该模型下输出功率、效率和生态学目标函数的表达式。计算了最大输出功率、最大效率和最大生态学目标函数及它们对应的参数值并通过图来反映它们的变化情况。讨论了热漏、内不可逆性对该热机各种性能参数的影响同时给出了一些重要参数的优化范围。所得结果对实际Braysson热机的优化设计提供了理论依据。     

多管脉冲爆轰发动机外三维流场的数值计算

为研究多管脉冲爆轰发动机黏性外流场变化特点,推导了三维黏性CE/SE方法,并对7管脉冲爆轰发动机的内、外流场进行了数值计算. 7个爆轰管的排列方式是1个居中、另外6个绕其形成环状排列. 管内流场采用一维模型进行处理; 管外流场采用三维模型进行计算, 得到多管脉冲爆轰发动机黏性外流场的变化规律. 计算结果表明,此多管脉冲爆轰发动机黏性外流场中存在旋涡及多道相互作用的激波与膨胀波, 该结果对多管脉冲爆轰发动机外流场特性研究具有一定的参考价值.      

多管脉冲爆轰发动机管外复杂波系的研究

为了研究多管脉冲爆轰发动机外流场复杂波系变化特点,用CE/SE方法对7管脉冲爆 轰发动机内、外流场进行了计算. 7个爆轰管的排列方式是1个居中,另外6个绕其形成环 状排列,管内填充按化学当量比混合的氢气氧气混和物. 计算结果表明：CE/SE方法是一种 好的爆轰波模拟方法,能有效地捕捉激波等强间断;7管脉冲爆轰发动机外流场中存在着多 道相互作用相互影响的激波与膨胀波. 计算结果对多管脉冲爆轰发动机外流场复杂波系的特 性研究具有重要参考价值.     

Thermodynamic Performance Characteristics of a Brownian MicroscopicHeat Engine Driven by Discrete and Periodic Temperature Field

A Brownian microscopic heat engine with a particle hopping on a one-dimensional lattice driven by a discrete and periodic temperature field in a periodic sawtooth potential is investigated. In order to clarify the underlying physical pictures of the heat engine, the heat flow via the potential energy and the kinetic energy of the particles are considered simultaneously. Based on describing the jumps among the three states, the expressions of theefficiency and power output of the heat engine are derived analytically. The general performance characteristic curves are plotted by numerical calculation. It is found that the power output-efficiency curve is a loop-shaped one, which is similar to one for a real irreversible heat engine. The influence of the ratioof the temperature of the hot and cold reservoirs and the sawtooth potential on the maximum efficiency and power output is analyzed forsome given parameters. When the heat flows via the kinetic energy isneglected, the power output-efficiency curve is an open-shaped one,which is similar to one for an endroeversible heat engine.     

内燃机磨合与表面改性实验研究

针对EQ6100型汽油机,利用内燃机磨合台架试验装置对所研制的内燃机专用磨合油与普通15W／40内燃机油进行对比磨合试验,对磨合油液进行直读铁谱分析,对缸套－活塞环磨合表面形貌及元素组成进行测试分析。结果表明：专用磨合油的磨合效果明显优于普通内燃机油;超细金刚石微粉可以加速磨合进程,分化并减小磨屑尺寸,从而避免缸壁拉伤和改善缸套－活塞环摩擦副的摩擦学特性。     

Quantum Heat Engines with Complex Working Media,Complete Otto Cycles and Heuristics

Quantum thermal machines make use of non-classical thermodynamic resources, one of which include interactions between elements of the quantum working medium. In this paper, we examine the performance of a quasi-static quantum Otto engine based on two spins of arbitrary magnitudes subject to an external magnetic field and coupled via an isotropic Heisenberg exchange interaction. It has been shown earlier that the said interaction provides an enhancement of cycle efficiency, with an upper bound that is tighter than the Carnot efficiency. However, the necessary conditions governing engine performance and the relevant upper bound for efficiency are unknown for the general case of arbitrary spin magnitudes. By analyzing extreme case scenarios, we formulate heuristics to infer the necessary conditions for an engine with uncoupled as well as coupled spin model. These conditions lead us to a connection between performance of quantum heat engines and the notion of majorization. Furthermore, the study of complete Otto cycles inherent in the average cycle also yields interesting insights into the average performance.     

发动机气门—门座磨损失效机理实验研究

对发动机气门－门座的磨损失效进行了模拟实验研究,基于现代微观表面测试技术和摩擦学原理对气门－门座的磨损机理进行了探讨。研究结果表明：气门－门座接触表面的磨损失效是由于反复的弹、塑变形疲劳,亚表层的金属滑动、基体材料在高温下的蠕变滑动和腐蚀磨损等所致,这种失效呈片状疲劳裂纹和剥落特征。