Effect of Neck Formation on the Measurement of Dynamic Interfacial Tension in a Drop Volume Tensiometer

Dynamic interfacial tension values obtained by drop volume tensiometry will be affected under certain experimental conditions by the formation of a neck between the drop and the capillary tip. This phenomenon must be accounted for to obtain accurate values of interfacial tension. In this work, neck formation for a water–mineral oil system is studied under conditions where hydrodynamic effects can be neglected. A model originally developed for the determination of the surface tension of a suspended drop is modified for application to dynamic interfacial tensions of surfactant-containing liquids. The model relates apparent values of interfacial tension calculated from drops possessing necks to actual values. Experiments with Span 80 (sorbitan monooleate) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) surfactants in a mineral oil–water system are used to test the validity of the developed model. For the small tip diameter used, good agreement is obtained for Span 80 up to the critical micelle concentration, and for low concentrations of SDS, when the surfactant adsorption is diffusion-limited. In both cases, the neck diameter of the growing drop can be considered constant over the range of dynamic interfacial tensions tested.     

Millettia ferruginea extract attenuates cisplatin-induced alterations in kidney functioning,DNA damage,oxidative stress,and renal tissue morphology

This study aimed to investigate the beneficial role of Millettia ferruginea extract (MF) in preventing cisplatin (Cisp) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. A total of 55 metabolites were identified using LC-MS analysis. The in vivo results indicated that MF pretreatment for 4 weeks (20 mg/kg b.w.) remarkably attenuated the altered renal biomarkers by decreasing the levels of plasma creatinine, urea, and uric acid when compared to the Cisp-group. The nephroprotective capacity of MF was further strengthened by histopathological observations, where Cisp + MF treated rats showed lower number of inflammatory cells and tubular degenerative changes than the Cisp-group. The harmful effects of cisplatin on renal oxidative stress indicators (MDA, SOD, CAT, and GPx), were restored by the treatment of MF. In addition, the reduction of inflammatory markers (IL-6 and TNF-α), associated with alleviating DNA fragmentation, highlighted the preventive effect of MF in kidney tissue. Additionally, MF components presented lower binding energies when docked into the active site of TNF-α and IL-6. The present findings concluded that M. ferruginea extract exhibited nephroprotective potential, which may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Further work is recommended to confirm the current results, explore the involved mechanism of action, and determine the therapeutic doses and time.     

Effect of Electrode Pattern on the Column Structure and Yield Stress of Electrorheological Fluids

For electrorheological (ER) suspensions, the aggregate structures of particles were observed in electric fields by the use of transparent cells with different electrode patterns. Although the suspension is dispersed to noninteracting particles without electric fields, many aggregates are formed on the electrode surface in electric fields. Since the dipole–dipole interactions cause chain structures of particles and equilibrium conformations of chains are always aligned with electric field, the aggregates indicate the presence of columns spanning the electrode gap. The particle concentration in columns which are developed between parallel-plate electrodes is about 22 vol %. In striped electrodes, the particles construct striped aggregates along the electrodes and no particles remain in the insulating region. The particle concentration in striped aggregates is about 35 vol %. The nonuniformity of electric field is responsible for the high particle concentration. The increase in particle concentration of column lead to the high yield stress of electrified suspension. Therefore, the ER performance of suspension as an overall response can be improved by the electrode design.     

光子晶体光纤在熔接夹具中的受力分析

运用接触力学和圆环压溃强度理论对由V型槽固定的光子晶体光纤进行了受力分析。分别考虑了两种极限情况,以推导光纤中的应力分布。第一种情况假设光纤是完全由纯石英材料制成的内部均匀的实芯圆柱体;第二种情况是把光纤假设成一个空芯圆柱体。根据这两种极限情况推导出了光子晶体光纤受力后光纤内部的最大应力点位于平行于接触面的外层空气孔的附近。采用有限元方法验证了此结论,计算出了光子晶体光纤可能承受的最大压力,并给出了光子晶体光纤在V型槽中的应力分布和变形情况。     

Thermoelastic stresses in SiC single crystals grown by the physical vapor transport method

A finite element-based thermoelastic anisotropic stress model for hexagonal silicon carbide polytype is developed for the calculation of thermal stresses in SiC crystals grown by the physical vapor transport method. The composite structure of the growing SiC crystal and graphite lid is considered in the model. The thermal expansion match between the crucible lid and SiC crystal is studied for the first time. The influence of thermal stress on the dislocation density and crystal quality is discussed. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10472126) and the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences. The English text was polished by Keren Wang     

卫星用复合材料压力容器力学特性研究

为了研究航天复合材料压力容器内衬与复合材料双层壳体的力学特性,通过优化复合材料网格理论算法,针对钛合金内衬(TC4)/碳纤维(T1000GB)缠绕柱形复合材料压力容器进行了应力应变特性分析.以纤维预紧应力为自变量,研究其对内衬/纤维双层壳体在预紧压力、工作压力、验证压力和爆破压力下应力的影响,提出了优化设计的解析解法,...     

考虑跟随企业搭便车行为的创新企业定价策略研究

文章通过构建博弈模型探讨了存在跟随企业搭便车行为时创新企业的定价策略及定价模式(稳定定价或动态定价),并分析了忠实消费者规模及需求溢出效应等特征对创新企业定价决策与利润的影响.结果表明,无论创新企业采用稳定定价或动态定价模式,跟随企业搭便车行为均会降低创新企业利润,需求溢出效应的增强总能使创新企业和跟随企业均获得更高的...     

基于有限元模拟的超声应力系数标定及分析*

应力系数的标定作为超声应力检测最为关键的环节,直接决定应力检测结果的准确性。传统的应力系数试验标定对于被测物的表面粗糙度、耦合剂厚度、声匹配块与被测物接触力等因素十分敏感,但缺少基本参照值。基于COMSOL建立多物理场耦合的超声应力检测模型,施加不同的拉伸载荷,计算临界折射纵波到达时间与不同应力值之间的关系,模拟标定45#钢的超声应力系数为13.7MPa/ns。单轴水平拉伸试验标定的45#钢应力系数为16.5MPa/ns。结果表明,通过两种方法标定的应力系数较为接近,试验标定的应力系数偏大,这是由于有限元方法能够消除试验过程中各种不确定因素对声时精确测量所造成的影响,能够更加纯粹的反映材料的声弹性效应,因此具有作为基础数据的参考价值。有限元方法作为传统试验方法的补充,可以减小试验标定数据的离散性,提高超声应力检测结果的可信度。     

HKD-1型航空润滑油特征剪切应力及有效粘压系数确定的研究

在球盘式拖动力试验机上,对HKD-1型航空润滑油进行拖动力测量,给出了根据拖动力试验曲线的非线性上升段确定润滑油有效粘压系数和特征应力的方法,对HKD-1型航空润滑油在试验条件下的粘压系数和特征应力进行分析,并建立了其计算公式.结果表明:特征应力和有效粘压系数的求解方法简单合理,其计算公式的拟合精度较高,可为轴承动态特性设计提供计算依据;随着接触压力、入口油温和滚动速度增加,HKD-1型航空润滑油的特征应力增大,其粘压系数减小;滚动速度对特征应力和粘压系数的影响小于接触压力和入口油温.     

点阵材料微极连续介质模型的应力优化设计

在将二维周期性点阵类材料等效为具有非局部化本构的微极连续介质的基础上,运用优化技术,探讨了基于材料相对密度和微单胞特征尺度两类变量的优化结构应力的方法,给出了针对最小化结构关键部位应力、结构最大应力最小化、最大化结构关键部位安全储备三类特定目标的结构与材料一体化协同优化结果．利用圆板小孔应力集中的数值算例验证了方法的有效性．