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21.
Bubble behaviors near a boundary in an ultrasonic field are the fundamental forms of acoustic cavitation and of substantial importance in various applications, such as industry cleaning, chemical engineering and food processing. The effects of two important factors that strongly affect the dynamics of a single acoustic cavitation bubble, namely, the initial bubble radius and the standoff distance, were investigated in this work. The temporal evolution of the bubble was recorded using high speed microphotography. Meanwhile, the time of bubble collapse and the characteristics of the liquid jets were analyzed. The results demonstrate that the intensity of the acoustic cavitation, which is characterized by the time of bubble collapse and the liquid jet speed, reaches the optimum level under suitable values of the initial bubble radius and the normalized standoff distance. As the initial bubble radius and the normalized standoff distance increase or decrease from the optimal values, the time of the bubble collapse increases, and the first liquid jet’s speed decreases substantially, whereas the speeds of the second and third liquid jets exhibit no substantial changes. These results on bubble dynamics in an ultrasonic field are important for identifying or correcting the mechanisms of acoustic cavitation and for facilitating its optimization and application. 相似文献
22.
Run-Ran Liu Wen-Xu WangYing-Cheng Lai Guanrong ChenBing-Hong Wang 《Physics letters. A》2011,375(3):363-367
We propose a negotiation strategy to address the effect of geography on the dynamics of naming games over small-world networks. Communication and negotiation frequencies between two agents are determined by their geographical distance in terms of a parameter characterizing the correlation between interaction strength and the distance. A finding is that there exists an optimal parameter value leading to fastest convergence to global consensus on naming. Numerical computations and a theoretical analysis are provided to substantiate our findings. 相似文献
23.
通过研究爬壁式机器人的控制和运动特征,提出一种基于复小波包分形理论的故障检测方法.利用复小波包的平移不变性,将爬壁式机器人传感器输出信号分解成独立的频谱,并进行阀值处理和重构,从而有效去除高频噪音并提取故障的特征频率;依据信号分形维数的多尺度不变性,在嵌入维数空间,采用维数最大距离法,确定复小波包域故障信号的关联雏数.仿真实验表明,爬壁式机器人在各种异常工作模式下的故障信号关联维数能比较真实地反映其故障状态空间,同时也验证了故障信号的关联维数低于正常信号的关联维数作为故障发生与否的定量判据的正确性. 相似文献
24.
Pannier M Veit S Godt A Jeschke G Spiess HW 《Journal of magnetic resonance (San Diego, Calif. : 1997)》2000,142(2):331-340
A four-pulse version of the pulse double electron-electron resonance (DEER) experiment is presented, which is designed for the determination of interradical distances on a nanoscopic length-scale. With the new pulse sequence electron-electron couplings can be studied without dead-time artifacts, so that even broad distributions of electron-electron distances can be characterized. A version of the experiment that uses a pulse train in the detection period exhibits improved signal-to-noise ratio. Tests on two nitroxide biradicals with known length indicate that the accessible range of distances extends from about 1.5 to 8 nm. The four-pulse DEER spectra of an ionic spin probe in an ionomer exhibit features due to probe molecules situated both on the same and on different ion clusters. The former feature provides information on the cluster size and is inaccessible with previous methods. 相似文献
25.
During the transmission of infrared radiation, the atmospheric transmittance could be a complex parameter due to the absorbing and scattering of atmosphere, as well as the influences from the environment and transmission distance. With the help of a spectral bisection method, a new assessing formula and solution is raised by calculating the operating distance of infrared system. In the small segments, MODTRAN can be used to figure out the percentage of penetration, which is called by advanced program, so as to get the infrared radiation in those segments. The calculated data of the segments were summed up and used to calculate the operating distance of the infrared system. Compared with the conventional calculation methods that the transmittance was used as a constant or a average, The calculation precise of the operating distance is highly increased by this method the results of all small segments by comparing with the traditional methods. The whole computing process becomes more clear and effective by taking the influences from visibility of atmosphere, altitude, targets zenith angle and spatial frequency into consideration, and by building an instant monitoring system of the operating distance. The final computing result and real effecting distance are based on the general simulation for penetration rate and the tendency of operating distance in all conditions. 相似文献
26.
27.
Jung-Ryul Lee He-Jin Shin Chen Ciang Chia Dipesh Dhital Dong-Jin Yoon Yong-Hak Huh 《Optics and Lasers in Engineering》2011,49(12):1361-1371
Wind turbine blade failure is the most prominent and common type of damage occurring in operating wind turbine systems. Conventional nondestructive testing systems are not available for in situ wind turbine blades. We propose a portable long distance ultrasonic propagation imaging (LUPI) system that uses a laser beam targeting and scanning system to excite, from a long distance, acoustic emission sensors installed in the blade. An examination of the beam collimation effect using geometric parameters of a commercial 2 MW wind turbine provided Lamb wave amplitude increases of 41.5 and 23.1 dB at a distance of 40 m for symmetrical and asymmetrical modes, respectively, in a 2 mm-thick stainless steel plate. With this improvement in signal-to-noise ratio, a feasibility study of damage detection was conducted with a 5 mm-thick composite leading edge specimen. To develop a reliable damage evaluation system, the excitation/sensing technology and the associated damage visualization algorithm are equally important. Hence, our results provide a new platform based on anomalous wave propagation imaging (AWPI) methods with adjacent wave subtraction, reference wave subtraction, reference image subtraction, and the variable time window amplitude mapping method. The advantages and disadvantages of AWPI algorithms are reported in terms of reference data requirements, signal-to-noise ratios, and damage evaluation accuracy. The compactness and portability of the proposed UPI system are also important for in-field applications at wind farms. 相似文献
28.
金和钟 《浙江大学学报(理学版)》1990,17(3):355-361
本文阐述了无定向导线测量的基本方法和计算原理,并以桐乡县控制测量的实践试验为例,对这种方法进行论证.采用两种不同的计算方法对成果t}精度进行比校分析.本文还讨论了无定向导线测量用于城市建筑区及隐蔽地区控制测量的特点,指出这种方法的实用价值和应注意的问题. 相似文献
29.
研究了4度循环图,构造出其任意两点之间的四条内部点不交路,并且给出其宽直径的一个较好的上界。 相似文献
30.
Let X1, X2, …, Xn be random vectors that take values in a compact set in Rd, d ≥ 1. Let Y1, Y2, …, Yn be random variables (“the responses”) which conditionally on X1 = x1, …, Xn = xn are independent with densities f(y | xi, θ(xi)), i = 1, …, n. Assuming that θ lives in a sup-norm compact space Θq,d of real valued functions, an optimal L1-consistent estimator
of θ is constructed via empirical measures. The rate of convergence of the estimator to the true parameter θ depends on Kolmogorov's entropy of Θq,d. 相似文献