Astronomical function and date of the Taosi observatory

The Taosi site in Xiangfen County, Shanxi Province, may be the capital of the King Yao. Archeologists recently discovered a large semi-circular stamped-earth platform, II FJT1, which has a clear and definite pounded-earth central core together with a curved wall perforated by twelve gaps. The platform is said to be an ancient observatory used to determine the seasons by watching the sunrise. Each feature of II FJT1 was precisely measured and the data are reproduced in this paper. An astronomical analysis of slots E2 and E12 was carried out using the azimuths of the slots’ centerlines and the vertical angle of the mountain ridge opposite, above which the sun rises. The results show that at present the sun is close to the two slots but does not exactly enter them at summer and winter solstice sunrise. Using 14C analysis archeologists dated the site to about 2100 BC. Because of the secular change in the obliquity of the ecliptic, at that date on the summer solstice the half-risen sun would have appeared inside slot E12 just to the right of the centerline, and on the winter solstice the sun would have been exactly on the centerline of slot E2. This result provides compelling proof that II FJT1 is an ancient observatory.     

丁酸钠预培养对水稻花药绿苗形成的影响

对水稻花药进行了丁酸钠预培养的试验,结果表明:2mM丁酸钠24小时的预处理,可以促进小孢子的均等分裂,增加多核花粉的比例,并影响愈伤组织诱导率和愈伤组织的分化绿苗潜力,对愈伤组织分化绿苗的促进作用尤其显著。丁酸钠对愈伤组织诱导的作用,与介质的pH的值有关,pH7.0的培养基的诱导率低于pH5.8,但对分化有利。 文章讨论了丁酸钠促进愈防组织分化的可能原因,以及丁酸钠影响愈伤组织诱导和促进分化之间关系。     

The Dynamics of Cultural Influence Networks

This article investigates the behavior of cultural influence networks over time, using a computer simulation based on a formal model of cultural transmission in organizations. In the formal model, every organizational member exerts some cultural influence on, and is influenced by, every other member; these influence paths constitute a dense social network and the weights of paths (ties) vary throughout the network. Over time, each organizational member's enculturation level changes in response to influence from other members, and the influence weight of each path changes in relationship to the cultural similarity of the individuals connected by the path. Virtual experiments explore the configuration and evolution of the cultural influence network under varying demographic conditions and influence principles. Demographic effects are studied by varying organizational size, hiring selectivity and turnover rates. Two principles for determining initial influence path weights are examined, cohort-based influence and random influence. The simulations show that the cultural influence network evolves over time to a robust configuration, fluctuating around a stable dynamic equilibrium as individuals enter and leave the organization. As turnover rates rise, cohort-based influence strengthens the influence network and reduces network inequality. In this model, cohort-based influence processes promote cultural stability in organizations.     

玉帘的组织和原生质体培养

玉帘不同外植体培养，诱导出胚性、中间型和非胚性３种类型的愈伤组织，并再生植株．由胚性愈伤组织与叶肉细胞分离出原生质体，进行培养，启动了细胞分裂并形成了多细胞团．同时，还研究了影响玉帘组织培养以及原生质体分离和培养的诸因素．     

A novel quantitative model of cell cycle progression based on cyclin-dependent kinases activity and population balances

Cell cycle regulates proliferative cell capacity under normal or pathologic conditions, and in general it governs all in vivo/in vitro cell growth and proliferation processes. Mathematical simulation by means of reliable and predictive models represents an important tool to interpret experiment results, to facilitate the definition of the optimal operating conditions for in vitro cultivation, or to predict the effect of a specific drug in normal/pathologic mammalian cells. Along these lines, a novel model of cell cycle progression is proposed in this work. Specifically, it is based on a population balance (PB) approach that allows one to quantitatively describe cell cycle progression through the different phases experienced by each cell of the entire population during its own life. The transition between two consecutive cell cycle phases is simulated by taking advantage of the biochemical kinetic model developed by Gérard and Goldbeter (2009) which involves cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) whose regulation is achieved through a variety of mechanisms that include association with cyclins and protein inhibitors, phosphorylation–dephosphorylation, and cyclin synthesis or degradation. This biochemical model properly describes the entire cell cycle of mammalian cells by maintaining a sufficient level of detail useful to identify check point for transition and to estimate phase duration required by PB. Specific examples are discussed to illustrate the ability of the proposed model to simulate the effect of drugs for in vitro trials of interest in oncology, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.     

微流控芯片上的肿瘤组织微阵列构建

研发了一种多层复合微流控芯片,包含64细胞培养微孔阵列,该微阵列集成了细胞进样、水凝胶三维支架形成和持续灌流培养的过程.以MCF-7乳腺癌细胞为模型,连续培养中监测细胞存活率、细胞密度、增殖率和细胞内pH值,并同时进行冰冻切片后免疫组化染色.实验结果显示,乳腺癌细胞在水凝胶微球中增殖形成了类组织结构.E-cadherin及Vinculin在细胞内、细胞间隙均出现较强表达,提示水凝胶微球中细胞建立了细胞-细胞、细胞-间质连接.芯片上连续培养15天内细胞存活率保持在85％以上,细胞增殖率随时间延长而递减.细胞内pH值检测显示芯片3D培养细胞内部呈现明显的酸化,其程度随着细胞密度增大而增加.这种芯片肿瘤组织微阵列构建方法简单高效,有望发展成为肿瘤研究的有力工具.     

自组装短肽GFS-2构建新型三维细胞培养支架材料

典型的自组装短肽在水中可形成稳定的β-sheet二级结构,在生理性环境下则能够形成稳定的纳米纤维,可进一步形成含水量达99%的水凝胶,具有高纯度、可降解及无免疫反应等突出优点,能模拟生物体内的三维基质环境而作为细胞三维培养的新型生物材料。本文主要采用了圆二色谱仪、原子力显微镜、倒置显微镜等探究新型短肽GFS-2的自组装性能及其在细胞三维培养中的应用。此研究可能会启发设计更多的新型自组装短肽服务于化学、生物材料、医学工程等领域。     

借鉴美国主流高校EHS体系建设我国的实验室安全文化

以美国化学类专业排名前30的高等院校的环境安全与健康管理体系(Environment,HealthSafety,简写为EHS)为研究对象,进行了信息的收集、分析与整合,从中总结出美国高校EHS管理体系的6个特点;进一步介绍了美国高校EHS管理体系架构的确立与运作。结合目前我国高校实验室安全管理存在的主要问题,提出了建设、发展和丰富我国高校的实验室安全文化是当前最基础性的建设任务之一,以期引起高校管理部门对安全问题的真正重视并落实到行动中。     

Chitosan-based self-healing hydrogel for bioapplications

A chitosan-based biocompatible self-healing hydrogel has been facilely prepared and used for bioapplications.     

Microfibers as Physiologically Relevant Platforms for Creation of 3D Cell Cultures

Microfibers have received much attention due to their promise for creating flexible and highly relevant tissue models for use in biomedical applications such as 3D cell culture, tissue modeling, and clinical treatments. A generated tissue or implanted material should mimic the natural microenvironment in terms of structural and mechanical properties as well as cell adhesion, differentiation, and growth rate. Therefore, the mechanical and biological properties of the fibers are of importance. This paper briefly introduces common fiber fabrication approaches, provides examples of polymers used in biomedical applications, and then reviews the methods applied to modify the mechanical and biological properties of fibers fabricated using different approaches for creating a highly controlled microenvironment for cell culturing. It is shown that microfibers are a highly tunable and versatile tool with great promise for creating 3D cell cultures with specific properties.