油田清垢剂研究进展

油田清垢剂是使用化学方法清除油田生产过程中生成吸附于设备表面、地层的垢的药剂。本文总结了影响油田结垢的主要因素,综述了近十年油田清垢剂的主要清垢类型及各自的优缺点,对各种新型油田清垢剂的清垢类型、清垢效果及存在的主要问题进行了分析介绍,展望了油田清垢剂未来的研究方向和发展前景。     

消防阻燃中的化学知识与应用

本文结合阻燃科学技术,对阻燃剂及其应用、阻燃剂处理方法及加工技术、防火涂料、防火板和防火液的基本原理与加工技术中所蕴含和运用的化学知识和原理进行系统归纳和整理,以期加强消防专业化学教学的针对性和实用性,激发消防专业学生学习化学的兴趣,同时为其他化学教学提供实践教学案例。     

钒酸铋黄色颜料的制备——推荐一个无机化学教学实验

该实验以Bi(NO_3)_3和NH_4VO_3为原料,采用液相沉淀法,制备钒酸铋黄色颜料。学生通过控制反应物初始浓度、溶液pH、温度与时间等条件制备分散性良好、颗粒细小、组成均匀的钒酸铋。实验涉及溶液配制、加热搅拌、简易回流、控温、调pH、检验、抽滤、洗涤、干燥等操作。钒酸铋是一种绿色环保的黄色颜料,且具有降解污染物的光催化性能,因此,该实验不仅对于提高学生无机制备实验能力具有很好的教学效果,还在实验教学中渗透了环保理念。     

Analytical investigations of poly(acrylic acid) coatings electrodeposited on titanium-based implants: a versatile approach to biocompatibility enhancement

A polyacrylic acid film was synthesized on titanium substrates from aqueous solutions via an electroreductive process for the first time. This work was done in order to develop a versatile coating for titanium-based orthopaedic implants that acts as both an effective bioactive surface and an effective anti-corrosion barrier. The chemical structure of the PAA coating was investigated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to evaluate the effect of annealing treatment on the morphology of the coatings in terms of their uniformity and porosity. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to measure ion concentrations in ion release tests performed on Ti-6Al-4V sheets modified with PAA coatings (annealed and unannealed). Results indicate that the annealing process produces coatings that possess considerable anti-corrosion performance. Moreover, the availability and the reactivity of the surface carboxylic groups were exploited in order to graft biological molecules onto the PAA-modified titanium implants. The feasibility of the grafting reaction was tested using a single aminoacid residue. A fluorinated aminoacid was selected, and the grafting reaction was monitored both by XPS, using fluorine as a marker element, and via quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. The success of the grafting reaction opens the door to the synthesis of a wide variety of PAA-based coatings that are functionalized with selected bioactive molecules and promote positive reactions with the biological system interfacing the implant while considerably reducing ion release into surrounding tissues. Figure Vanadium release from bare Ti-6Al-4V sheets compared with the release from sheets coated with annealed and unannealed electrosynthesised PAA Dedicated to Professor P.G. Zambonin on the occasion of his 72nd birthday.     

大力开展我国电磁兼容技术的科研工作及若干建议

：本文介绍了国际上关于环境电磁学及电磁兼容技术的一些科研进展情况,描述了电磁兼容的动态,最后并提出了若干建议.     

基坑围护结构空间分析软件包的研制

对深基坑围护结构采用简化的;空间计算模型,即土体按平面问题分析,围护支撑结构空间问题分析。计算程序使用三维杆系有限元分析,在程序中设置了子结构模块,并为计算程序配置了前后处理程序,可在５８６微机上运算多道内支撑的大型深基坑。     

用于长脉冲大功率微波系统的高压调制电源

为ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置上的ＬＨＣＤ和ＥＣＲＨ长脉冲大功率微波系统研制的主调制电源,已达到了－７０ＫＶ、３５Ａ的输出指标。应用该电源首次实现了ＴＭ－７０３Ｆ型大功率调整管在１ｓ长脉冲下的运行和双大功率高压调制器的并联运行,在没有ＣＲＯＷＢＡＳＲ保护系统的情况下采用有效的快速保护措施实现了长期的稳定可靠运行。     

闪电的人工触发和研究

介绍了人工引发闪电技术的发展历史和原理,以及近几年来我们利用这一技术在闪电物理研究方面取得进展。给出了人工引发闪电民流和高速摄像同步测量结果,并分析了各电流分量及其涉及的物理过程。在对比人工引发闪电与自然闪电异同的基础上,批出它的各方面都与从高建筑物始发的上行雷电十分相似。人工引发闪电在研究雷击机理、雷击效应、雷电防护以及电波传播、植物诱变育种等方面也具有广泛的应用前景。     

燃用乳化重油在6300ZC柴油机的试验

对6300ZC柴油机燃用乳化重油进行实用性研究,在不改变柴油机结构的前提下,利用柴油机本身具有的良好乳化功能,设计出动态乳化流程和智能控制装置．在柴油机台架试验中,取得节能与降低排放的试验效果．