Thermally induced fixed diradical generation on solid supports for surface‐initiated polymerization

A method is presented for generation of all surface‐bound radicals on solid polymer surfaces. Thus, secondary amide group of newly synthesized crosslinking comonomer, methacryloyloxyethyl methacrylamide was determined as versatile precursor for generation fixed diradicals on solid microspheres, obtained by copolymerization with methyl methacrylate (MMA) in aqueous suspension. Nitrosoation of the secondary amide groups on the microbeads and followed thermolysis above 90 °C was demonstrated to give surface‐bound radicals, capable of initiating polymerization of vinyl monomers, such as; styrene, MMA, N‐vinyl formamide, and N‐vinyl, 2‐pyrrolidone, as evidenced by H NMR, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimeter techniques. Appreciable grafting yields (55.1%–286.1%) and low free‐homopolymer formation (7.2%–19.7%) were noted within 6 h of the grafting at 100 °C in each case. This strategy involving the use of amide functional crosslinker seemed to be generally applicable to generate surface‐bound radicals for surface‐initiated polymerization from various solid substrates. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012     

Copolymerization of styrene and norbornene with β‐diketiminato nickel/methylaluminoxane catalytic system

Styrene–norbornene (S‐N) copolymerizations were carried out using β‐diketiminato nickel complexes CH{C(CF₃)NAr}₂NiBr (Ar = 2,6‐ⁱPr₂C₆H₃, 1 ; Ar = 2,6‐Me₂C₆H₃, 2 ) in the presence of methylaluminoxane. The influence of the comonomer feed content and polymerization temperature on the conversion and composition of the copolymers with the catalytic system was investigated. An increase in the feed ratio of S/N led to an increase in the incorporated styrene content of the resulting copolymer. NMR characterization of the copolymers generated with the catalytic systems showed that the random S‐N copolymers are produced. Differential scanning calorimetric determination of the copolymers shows higher T_g values than polystyrene, and gel permeation chromatographic measurements have shown that the copolymers possess rather narrow molecular weight distributions, suggesting that the copolymerization take place at a single active site. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electron beam induced modification of poly(ethylene terephthalate) films

Electron beam processing of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films is found to promote significant changes in the melting heat, intrinsic viscosity and polymer film-liquid (water, isooctane and toluene) boundary surface tension. These properties are featured with several maximums depending on the absorbed dose and correlating with the modification of PET surface functionality. Studies using adsorption of acid-base indicators and IR-spectroscopy revealed that the increase of PET surface hydrophilicity is determined by the oxidation of methylene and methyne groups. Electron beam treatment of PET films on the surface of N-vinylpyrrolidone aqueous solution provided graft copolymerization with this comonomer at optimum process parameters (energy 700 keV, current 1 mA, absorbed dose 50 kGy).     

一种含硫光学树脂的合成与表征

采用低温脱水剂法合成了一种含硫、苯环及双键的化合物甲基丙烯酸苯硫酚酯( TPMA) ,并利用 FTIR、1H- NMR、HPLC等技术进行了结构表征。将其作为一种单体与苯乙烯进行共聚 ,制备得到含硫透明光学树脂。对树脂的性能测试结果表明 ,共聚树脂具有较高的可见光透光率 ,而且随着 TPMA含量的增加 ,树脂的折光指数和密度线性增大 ,冲击强度提高     

三氯化硼－四氢呋喃络合物催化二乙氨基环硫丙烷的聚合反应

研究了二乙氨基环硫丙烷在三氟化硼－四氢呋喃络合物（ＲＦ３·ＴＨＦ）催化下的聚合反应．与使用ＢＦ３·Ｅｔ２Ｏ作催化剂时聚合物沉淀析出的情况不同，在ＢＦ３·ＴＨＦ催化下，可得到均相粘性聚合物，而且部分四氢呋喃参与了共聚合反应．通过改变催化剂和溶剂的用量以及单体的加料方式制得了一系列组成和分子量不同的共聚物，用元素分析、核磁、红外、分子量测定等测试手段对聚合物进行了表征，还讨论了聚合反应的机理．     

共聚物混溶性热力学-分子内排斥作用与附加共聚焓

基于聚合物分子间物理相互作用和统计平均场理论,引入附加共聚焓定义,使聚合物分子间的作用得到量化,同时推导出二元共混体系相互作用参数和三元共混体系混合焓关系式.利用所导出的公式解释一些常见聚合物共混体系和增溶体系.导出的关系式很好地解释了聚合物的热力学混溶性,但不能解释聚合物共混增溶作用.     

三（3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛缩苯乙胺）镧引发L-丙交酯与ε-己内酯开环共聚合

以三（3,5-二叔丁基水杨醛缩苯乙胺）镧La (OPEBS)₃为引发剂引发L-丙交酯(_L-LA)和ε-己内酯(ε-CL)的共聚,可控合成嵌段共聚物.研究了单体加料顺序、投料比、单体与引发剂的摩尔比(M/I)及聚合温度对_L-LA和ε-CL共聚的影响.由石油醚抽提纯化的聚合物经GPC、¹H NMR和DSC分析,表明该共聚物为_L-LA和ε-CL嵌段共聚物.     

Lightweight Polymer Composites from Waste Materials: A Solution to Environmental Pollution

Several new lightweight polymer concretes derived from industrial, agricultural, and naturally occurring waste materials were investigated. Various physicomechanical properties of these materials were studied. Such inexpensive and lightweight polymer composites, which have properties superior to ordinary reinforced cement concrete, may find wide applications in building technology and related areas and may serve as better substitutes for cement. Furthermore, recycling of such wastes from various sources may help to solve the present environmental pollution problems.     

Novel Copolymers of Styrene and Alkyl and Alkoxy Ring‐Trisubstituted Methyl 2‐Cyano‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenoates

Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylene monomers, akyl and alkoxy ring‐trisubstituted methyl 2‐cyano‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenoates, RC₆H₂CH[dbnd]C(CN)CO₂CH_3, (where R is 2,3‐dimethyl‐4‐methoxy, 2,5‐dimethyl‐4‐methoxy‐, 2,3,4‐trimethoxy‐, 2,4,5‐trimethoxy, 2,4,6‐trimethoxy, and 2,4‐dimethoxy‐3‐methyl), were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring‐substituted benzaldehydes and methyl cyanoacetate, and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR. Novel copolymers of the ethylenes and styrene were prepared at equimolar monomer feed composition by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator (AIBN) at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. High T_g of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. The gravimetric analysis indicated that the copolymers decompose in the 283–306°C range.