On the Hughes' model for pedestrian flow: The one-dimensional case

In this paper we investigate the mathematical theory of Hughes' model for the flow of pedestrians (cf. Hughes (2002) [17]), consisting of a non-linear conservation law for the density of pedestrians coupled with an eikonal equation for a potential modelling the common sense of the task. For such an approximated system we prove existence and uniqueness of entropy solutions (in one space dimension) in the sense of Kru?kov (1970) [22], in which the boundary conditions are posed following the approach of Bardos et al. (1979) [7]. We use BV estimates on the density ρ and stability estimates on the potential ? in order to prove uniqueness. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of characteristics for the original Hughes' model in one space dimension and study the behavior of simple solutions, in order to reproduce interesting phenomena related to the formation of shocks and rarefaction waves. The characteristic calculus is supported by numerical simulations.     

一类自伴随Lubrication方程的对称,守恒律,拉格朗日函数和精确解

本文借助李对称分析研究了一类自伴随的Lubrication方程,此类方程可用来描述液体薄膜动力学行为.基于非奇异的局域守恒律乘子和李对称方法,我们系统地推导出了此类方程的局域守恒律,非局域相关系统,李对称和一些有趣的精确解.此模型的非局域相关系统在本文中被首次研究,可用于寻找原方程更丰富的解空间.此外,基于局域守恒律和变分原则,我们推导出原方程的四类拉格朗日函数.     

RENEWAL OF BASIC LAWS AND PRINCIPLES FOR POLAR CONTINUUM THEORIES (Ⅲ) —NOETHER’S THEOREM

The existing various couple stress theories have been carefully restudied.The purpose is to propose a coupled Noether’s theorem and to reestablish rather complete conservation laws and balance equations for couple stress elastodynamics. The new concrete forms of various conservation laws of couple stress elasticity are derived. The precise nature of these conservation laws which result from the given invariance requirements are established. Various special cases are reduced and the results of micropolar continua may be naturally transited from the results presented in this paper.     

Birkhoff系统的积分因子与守恒定理

本文提出了构造Birkhoff系统守恒律的积分因子方法。首先，给出了Birkhoff方程的积分因子的定义，研究了Birkhoff系统的守恒量存在必要条件；其次，建立了系统的积分因子与守恒律的对应关系，并给出了用于确定积分因子的广义Killing方程，最后，建立了守恒定理的逆定理。文末，举例说明结果的应用。     

Rheological models with microstructural constraints

Rheological models of complex fluids with a physically restricted microstructure are analyzed to obtain general classes of dynamical evolution equations for these materials. These classes insure that the appropriate mathematical constraints, associated with each type of physical restriction, are consistently incorporated into the corresponding model development. Describing the microstructure of the complex fluid with a second-rank tensor variable, a general class of dynamical evolution equations is derived for three physically meaningful constraints associated with constancy of the invariants of this microstructural tensor. The physical rationale for each of these constraints is discussed, and a corresponding set of constrained dynamical evolution equations is derived in general terms. Abdellatif Ait-Kadi passed away suddenly during the course of this research. The surviving authors express their gratitude to Abdellatif for our many hours of productive work and companionship.     

微分形式的Liouville型定理

本文建立了具有有界的负截面曲率的完备单连通黎曼流形上 .其应力能量张量守恒的 L2 -形式的一个消失定理 .从而推广了忻元龙的新近结果 ,给出了 Dodziuk猜想的部分回答     

Sample-path conservation laws,with applications to scheduling queues and fluid systems

The achievable-region approach, based on strong conservation laws, has most often been applied to stochastic scheduling and other control problems in the context of performance measures that are steady-state expected quantities. For some problems, however, strong conservation laws hold for performance measures at every time point on every sample path. We exploit this property to study optimal control for certain scheduling problems on a sample-path basis. Examples include preemptive scheduling to minimize a weighted sum of work in the system in each class, nonpreemptive scheduling to minimize a weighted sum of the number of customers in each class (when all classes have the same service-time distribution), and scheduling the processing of fluid in a multiclass fluid system operating in a random environment. The last problem is solved by considering the related Skorohod problem and its minimal solution. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Divergence preservation in the ADI algorithms for electromagnetics

The recent advances in alternating direct implicit (ADI) methods promise important new capability for time domain plasma simulations, namely the elimination of numerical stability limits on the time step. But the utility of these methods in simulations with charge and current sources, such as in electromagnetic particle-in-cell (EMPIC) computations, has been uncertain, as the methods introduced so far do not have the property of divergence preservation. This property is related to charge conservation and self-consistency, and is critical for accurate and robust EMPIC simulation. This paper contains a complete study of these ADI methods in the presence of charge and current sources. It is shown that there are four significantly distinct cases, with four more related by duality. Of those, only one preserves divergence and, thus, is guaranteed to be stable in the presence of moving charged particles. Computational verification of this property is accomplished by implementation in existing 3D-EMPIC simulation software. Of the other three cases, two are verified unstable, as expected, and one remains stable, despite the lack of divergence preservation. This other stable algorithm is shown to be related to the divergence preserving case by a similarity transformation, effectively providing the complement of the divergence preserving field in the finite-difference energy quantity.     

Probability relations involving several subsystems

We consider the question of factorizability in tensor product spaces, and argue that the correlations associated with entangled states are even more problematic in the general case involving any tensor product of Hilbert spaces, than in the Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen case with only two [1].     

Sigma Models and Minimal Surfaces

Correspondence is established between sigma models, minimal surfaces and the Monge–Ampére equation. The Lax pairs of the minimality condition of the minimal surfaces and the Monge–Ampére equations are given. Existence of infinitely many nonlocal conservation laws is shown and some Bäcklund transformations are also given.