Synthesis of polymers having a phospholipid polar group connected to a poly(oxyethylene) chain and their protein adsorption-resistance properties

New methacrylates having a phospholipid polar group which was connected to various lengths of poly(oxyethylene) chains to form a polymerizable group (MEOnPC) were synthesized. The MEOnPC could polymerize with n-butyl methacrylate (BMA) in ethanol using a conventional radical polymerization technique. The unit mole fraction of MEOnPC in the polymer corresponded to that in the feed monomer solution. The MEOnPC polymers were soluble in ethanol, insoluble in water, but swelled in water and became hydrated. On the surface of a poly(BMA) membrane coated with MEOnPC, the phosphorylcholine groups of the MEOnPC unit present were determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As a fundamental evaluation for biomedical materials, adsorption of one of the plasma proteins, fibrinogen, on acrylic beads coated with the MEOnPC polymers was evaluated. The amount of fibrinogen adsorbed on the MEOnPC polymer was smaller than that on the original acrylic beads, poly(BMA) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The increase in the MEOnPC unit mole fraction in the polymer showed more effective protein adsorption-resistant properties. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

不同表面性质聚电解质多层膜的制备及蛋白质吸附和血液相容性能

利用层层自组装方法制备了聚烯丙基铵盐酸盐(PAH)/聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)多层膜. 通过吸附或共价偶联, 在多层膜表面修饰了聚乙二醇(PEG)、牛血清白蛋白(BSA)或肝素, 通过石英晶体微天平(QCM)、椭圆偏振光谱和原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了多层膜的表面形貌及修饰方法对各种蛋白的吸附性能. 经修饰后的多层膜较基底膜的厚度均有所增大; 最外层经修饰后的多层膜吸附的BSA、纤维蛋白原及血浆蛋白的量较未修饰多层膜均有所减少. 采用SEM观察了血小板在多层膜上的黏附情况和形态变化, 计算了血小板的黏附率. 比较各多层膜的凝血酶原时间(PT), 发现修饰后的多层膜的凝血酶原时间均有所延长, 但各组间无显著性差异.     

确定地下水污染强度的反问题方法

探讨了山东省淄博市张店区沣水南部区域地下水的硫酸污染问题 .根据观测井点的浓度数据 ,将硫酸污染强度的识别问题作为一个已知终值数据的源项反问题 .应用积分恒等式方法分析了未知源函数与已知数据间的数据相容性 ,进而基于最优化策略进行了数据反演 ,计算结果与实际估计值基本吻合     

A proposed complementary pairing mode between single-stranded nucleic acids and β-stranded peptides: A possible pathway for generating complex biological molecules

A structure for a heterologous double-stranded molecule consisting of an oligoribonucleotide and a β-stranded oligopeptide, paired through complementary Watson-Crick-type hydrogen bonding, is proposed. The basis for such complementary pairings between oligoribonucleotides and oligopeptides is the close correspondence of the distances between the side-chains attached to the backbones of the two molecules. Both inter-nucleotide spacing and inter-amino acid side-chain spacing are approximately 3.4 Å. These kinds of interactions may have implications in protein-mediated-RNA splicing. Formation of a heterologous duplex through such a pairing mode could provide a simple coding mechanism for a reciprocal information transfer between oligonucleotides and oligopeptides. Because of its simplicity and versatility, allowing both specific and nonspecific coding, interactions via these kinds of pairing may have been relevant for prebiotic molecular evolution and for generating complex biological molecules.     

Non-cooperative implementation: A survey of recent results

Strategic decentralization of collective decision-making is considered when the agents' behaviour is non-cooperative. Specifically they use dominant, maximin risk-avert or sophisticated strategies. The existing results applying these equilibrium concepts are reviewed in three familiar economically meaningful contexts: ordinal (as in voting), random (as in bargaining) and quasilinear (as in public goods problems).     

随机耦合模型在高功率微波效应中的应用

分析了微波混沌腔体系统中关键部位感应电压的统计问题,介绍了随机耦合模型在高功率微波效应研究中的计算方法和应用,并以计算机机箱为实验系统,开展了电磁波耦合入计算机机箱腔体的电磁干扰问题研究,对其电路板上关键部位感应电压的统计计算和实验结果进行了比较,其结果基本一致。随机耦合模型在波混沌系统中感应电压的统计探讨为高功率微波效应、电磁兼容等研究提供了一种新的思路。     

A Novel Insight into the Perfect Phylogeny Problem

One of the classical problem in computational biology is the character compatibility problem or perfect phylogeny problem. A standard formulation of this problem in terms of two closely related questions is the following. Given a data set consisting of a finite set X and a set

Optimal insurance with belief heterogeneity and incentive compatibility

People may evaluate risk differently in the insurance market. Motivated by this, we examine an optimal insurance problem allowing the insured and the insurer to have heterogeneous beliefs about loss distribution. To reduce ex post moral hazard, we follow Huberman et al. (1983) to assume that alternative insurance contracts satisfy the principle of indemnity and the incentive-compatible constraint. Under the assumption that the insurance premium is calculated by the expected value principle, we establish a necessary and sufficient condition for an optimal insurance solution and provide a practical scheme to improve any suboptimal insurance strategy under an arbitrary form of belief heterogeneity. By virtue of this condition, we explore qualitative properties of optimal solutions, and derive optimal insurance contracts explicitly for some interesting forms of belief heterogeneity. As a byproduct of this investigation, we find that Theorem 3.6 of Young (1999) is not completely true.     

Graft Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate- Acrylonitrile onto Poly(ethene-co-1-butene) and Its Toughening Effect on SAN Resin

Poly(ethene-co-1-butene)-graft-methyl methacrylate-acrylonitrile (PEB-g-MAN) was prepared by suspension grafting copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and acrylonitrile(AN) onto PEB. PEB-g-MAN/SAN resin blends (ABMS) were prepared by blending PEB-g-MAN with styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN resin). The effects of AN/(MMA+AN) feed ratio (f_AN), PEB/(PEB+MMA+AN) feed ratio (f_PEB) and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) dosage on the monomer conversion ratio (CR), rubber's grafting ratio (GR), grafting efficiency (GE) of the copolymerization and the toughening effect of PEB-g-MAN on the SAN resin were investigated. FTIR quantitative analysis showed that when the weight percent of AN unit in the unextracted product was 21.5 wt% with f_AN of 25 wt%, the toughening effect of unextracted PEB-g-MAN on SAN resin was the highest. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) analysis showed that when f_AN was 25 wt%, the grafted copolymer had the lowest molecular weight and ABMS had highest toughness. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed that the highest toughness occurred when the phase structure of ABMS was cocontinuous with f_AN of 25 wt%. When f_AN was 25 wt% PEB-g-MAN domains have numerous small SAN domains in them, which was occlusion structure. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that the ABMS fracture surfaces had plastic flow visible, which looked like a craze fibers morphology, for the sample with highest impact strength (f_AN = 25 wt%). Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMA) showed that the miscibility of the PEB phase and SAN phase improved after graft copolymerization of MMA and AN onto PEB.