Catalytic Hydrogenation of Diacetyl Monoxime to Tetramethylpyrazine with the Soluble Transition Metal Catalysts

Tetramethylpyrazine(TMP)isausefulcompoundinfoodindustry'.InrecentyearsithasbeenfoundasanactiveingredientinChuanxi0ng(ligusticumwallichiifranch),whichisatraditionalChineseherb.NowTMPhasbeenwidelyusedinthetreatmentofpatientswithcerebralischemicdiseasesinChina2.OneoftheimportantmethodsforthepreParationoftetramethylpNazineistheselfcondensati0noftwomoleculesof2-aminobutanoneto2,5-dihydrotetramethlipyrazineandsubsequentoxidati0ntoTMP3.2-Aminobutanoneispreparedusuallyinsituviathereductionofthec…     

Competitive Transfer Hydrogenation of Unsaturated Alcohol-Alkene-Diene Systems

The paper describes hydrogenation of unsaturated alcohols, alkenes and dienes in individual and binary systems of substrates by use of catalytic hydrogen transfer from ammonium formate in methanol on a palladium catalyst. A significant structural effect of hydrogenated alcohols upon their reactivity and adsorptivity was observed. Following comparison to the data acquired from typical hydrogenation by use of molecular hydrogen, it was inferred that the components of the CTH system increase the selectivity of competitive transfer hydrogenation to a significant extent in systems of unsaturated alcohol — unsaturated hydrocarbon with regard to the relative increase of reactivity of unsaturated alcohols. This occurs primarily due to affecting the relative adsorptivity.     

水杨酸抑制亚硝酸根催化鸡冠花红褪色反应的伏安法研究及其应用

用两阶导数未波极谱法作监测技术研究了水杨酸对ＮＯ２＾－催化ＢｒＯ３＾－氧化鸡冠花工褪色反应的抑制行为，测定了该抵制体系的反应级数、动力学方程及表观活化能，建立了动力学抑制法测定水杨酸的新方法。方法的线性范围为０．０５～０．６５ｍｇ／Ｌ，检测限为０．０２６ｍｇ／Ｌ，与已报道的各种水杨酸测定方法相比，该法具有仪器简单、操作方便、灵敏度较高等优点。用于爽肤水与润肤露中微量水杨酸的测定。结果满意。     

Enzyme Models—From Catalysis to Prodrugs

Enzymes are highly specific biological catalysts that accelerate the rate of chemical reactions within the cell. Our knowledge of how enzymes work remains incomplete. Computational methodologies such as molecular mechanics (MM) and quantum mechanical (QM) methods play an important role in elucidating the detailed mechanisms of enzymatic reactions where experimental research measurements are not possible. Theories invoked by a variety of scientists indicate that enzymes work as structural scaffolds that serve to bring together and orient the reactants so that the reaction can proceed with minimum energy. Enzyme models can be utilized for mimicking enzyme catalysis and the development of novel prodrugs. Prodrugs are used to enhance the pharmacokinetics of drugs; classical prodrug approaches focus on alternating the physicochemical properties, while chemical modern approaches are based on the knowledge gained from the chemistry of enzyme models and correlations between experimental and calculated rate values of intramolecular processes (enzyme models). A large number of prodrugs have been designed and developed to improve the effectiveness and pharmacokinetics of commonly used drugs, such as anti-Parkinson (dopamine), antiviral (acyclovir), antimalarial (atovaquone), anticancer (azanucleosides), antifibrinolytic (tranexamic acid), antihyperlipidemia (statins), vasoconstrictors (phenylephrine), antihypertension (atenolol), antibacterial agents (amoxicillin, cephalexin, and cefuroxime axetil), paracetamol, and guaifenesin. This article describes the works done on enzyme models and the computational methods used to understand enzyme catalysis and to help in the development of efficient prodrugs.     

燃料电池中Pt基催化剂对CO的催化氧化

燃料电池具有燃料多样性、噪声低、对环境污染小等优势,近年来备受研究者关注。然而,电池中的贵金属催化剂极易被少量的CO毒化,成为制约其商业化的一大障碍。因此,设计出高性能的催化剂对于推动燃料电池的发展十分关键。本文综述了燃料电池中铂(Pt)基催化剂对CO催化氧化的研究现状,首先探讨了CO催化氧化机理以及CO在Pt金属表面化学吸附的机理,其次详细介绍了Pt负载型催化剂、双金属催化剂以及助催化剂在催化反应中的不同作用,然后简单分析了影响Pt基催化剂性能的其他因素。最后,对燃料电池中Pt基催化剂的研究方向作了进一步的展望,旨在为燃料电池中CO催化氧化的发展开拓新思路。     

团簇Ni4P催化析氢性能研究

为探究团簇Ni₄P催化析氢最强的结构,基于密度泛函理论,在B3LYP/Lan12dz水平下,对团簇Ni₄P的初始构型进行计算和优化,得到5种优化构型。从热力学稳定性、前线轨道图和前线轨道能级差对团簇Ni₄P的析氢性能分析发现,构型1^（4）和1^（2）的热力学稳定性较强;团簇Ni₄P各优化构型均易吸附水中的氢原子,Ni原子为团簇Ni₄P催化活性位点,且构型1^（4）、1^（2）和2^（4）催化析氢的活性更强。(1^（2）)-H、(2^（2）)-H在电化学脱附法和化学重组法中均具有较强的催化活性。以上说明构型1^（2）是团簇Ni₄P催化析氢最强的结构。     

金属纳米团簇(MNCs)的性能与应用*

金属纳米团簇(metal nanoclusters,MNCs)是由几个到几百个金属原子组成的内核被单层配体保护而形成的一类新型材料。MNCs的结构可在原子级精度的水平上进行调控,因其具有超小的尺寸、独特的电子能级以及大的比表面积等性质而获得了广泛的应用。主要基于ds区金属铜、银、金的纳米团簇 (CuNCs、AgNCs、AuNCs) 的相关研究介绍MNCs的概念、结构特征、主要性能、合成策略以及它们在催化、生物传感、生物成像和肿瘤治疗中的应用。     

In基二氧化碳氧化丙烷脱氢催化剂的研究

二氧化碳氧化丙烷脱氢增产丙烯是提高丙烷脱氢单程转化率与二氧化碳资源化利用的重要途经,探究高效的非贵金属环保型催化剂对工业界和科学界均有重要意义。采用不同合成方法制备了系列In基催化剂,通过X射线衍射、拉曼、H2-程序升温还原、扫描电镜观测了In活性位结构。关联活性数据得出,具有InO6结构的InOx团簇或In2O3颗粒在CO2氧化丙烷脱氢气氛中能够发生氧化还原循环,从而驱动CO2及丙烷分子的活化,而水热法合成样品中不含该InO6结构,因此不具备CO2活化能力。此外,十元环MFI型Silicalite-1沸石相比十二元环的Si-Beta沸石载体能够促进CO2的吸附,也提高了CO2对丙烷分子活化的促进作用。     

Pd改性多活性位点催化剂NH3-SCR脱硝反应机理研究

低温SCR脱硝技术具有效率高、能耗低、无二次污染等优点,是很有前途的脱硝净化技术.我们制备了一系列多活性位点催化剂（Pd_xV_y/TiO₂）,并对其NH₃-SCR脱硝性能进行了测试分析.结果表明,Pd_0.12V₄/TiO₂催化剂在250℃时可达到接近100%的NO_x转化率和N₂选择性.结合XRD、TEM、XPS、H₂-TPR、in situ DRIFT和DFT分析,考察了催化剂表面NO_x催化脱除机理.所得数据表明,该催化剂对NH₃、O₂和NO_x等反应气体分子表现出强烈的吸附性能,且均为化学吸附,所有组分（Pd O_x和VO_x）在NO_x的催化脱除中发挥着不可或缺的作用,而氧化还原循环(2V⁴⁺(Ti