DNA adsorption and desorption on mica surface studied by atomic force microscopy

The adsorption of DNA molecules on mica surface and the following desorption of DNA molecules at ethanol-mica interface were studied using atomic force microscopy. By changing DNA concentration, different morphologies on mica surface have been observed. A very uniform and orderly monolayer of DNA molecules was constructed on the mica surface with a DNA concentration of 30 ng/μL. When the samples were immersed into ethanol for about 15 min, various desorption degree of DNA from mica (0-99%) was achieved. It was found that with the increase of DNA concentration, the desorption degree of DNA from the mica at ethanol-mica interface decreased. And when the uniform and orderly DNA monolayers were formed on the mica surface, almost no DNA molecule desorbed from the mica surface in this process. The results indicated that the uniform and orderly DNA monolayer is one of the most stable DNA structures formed on the mica surface. In addition, we have studied the structure change of DNA molecules after desorbed from the mica surface with atomic force microscopy, and found that the desorption might be ascribed to the ethanol-induced DNA condensation.     

血卟啉单甲醚对DNA损伤的拉曼光谱研究

利用激光拉曼光谱技术研究了新型光敏剂血卟啉单甲醚对ＤＮＡ（脱氧核糖核酸）分子的光动力学损伤。结果表明：ＤＮＡ分子由典型Ｂ型构型变成了一种修饰过的Ｂ型。连接碱基对的氢键被部分打断,碱基堆叠也有所与解。碱基本身也遭到了破坏,有脱氨基现象发生。腺嘌呤和胞嘧啶对血咔啉单甲醚的光动力学损伤更敏感。     

乙醇与三氯六氨络合钴协同作用导致的DNA凝聚

利用原子力显微镜技术(AFM),系统地研究了由乙醇与多价离子(hexammine cobalt(Ⅲ)[Co(NH3)36+])协同作用导致的λ-DNA凝聚现象.单独测得3价Co(NH3)36+的临界凝聚浓度大约是10μmol·L-1,乙醇的临界凝聚体积分数大约是15%.若3价离子[Co(NH3)36+]的浓度大于400μmol·L-1时,可以观察到DNA的解凝聚现象.在DNA溶液中同时加入乙醇(体积分数12%)与Co(NH3)36+(8μmol.L-1),当其浓度各低于其临界值,也可观察到凝聚现象,说明乙醇与Co(NH3)36+对DNA的凝聚有协同作用,而且在协同作用下,可以观察到典型的圆环结构(toroids).利用电荷逆转与离子释放机制分析了观察到的解凝聚现象.     

坛紫菜hsp70基因克隆与表达

HSP70家族是一类最保守和最重要的热应激蛋白家族,在藻类中编码HSP70家族的基因也是普遍存在的,从原始单细胞藻到多细胞的大型藻,hsp70基因在藻类适应环境的过程中起了重要的作用.为了进一步探讨hsp70基因的生物学作用及其在系统进化中的保守性,研究采用简并PCR,扩增获得了坛紫菜(Porphyra haitanensis)hsp70基因片段,随后利用基因组步移获取了坛紫菜hsp70基因全序列.该基因全长2449个碱基,其中1866bp为编码区域,共编码621个氨基酸,与同属紫菜(P.purpurea)hsp70的氨基酸一致性达90%以上.利用Real-time PCR技术研究热激及恢复过程中坛紫菜hsp70的表达情况,结果表明:坛紫菜hsp70对热激应答极为迅速,35℃热激15 min,hsp70 mRNA的表达就提升了15倍;在恢复培养3 h后坛紫菜hsp70的表达进入第二个高峰,表达量提升了48倍,且在随后的过程中始终高于对照值.在整个热激处理中,坛紫菜HSP70蛋白除了作为胁迫的应激蛋白外,始终作为重要因素参与了防御与损伤修复的过程.     

A biosensor based on graphene nanoribbon with nanopores: a first-principles devices-design

A biosensor device,built from graphene nanoribbons(GNRs) with nanopores,was designed and studied by firstprinciples quantum transport simulation.We have demonstrated the intrinsic transport properties of the device and the effect of different nucleobases on device properties when they are located in the nanopores of GNRs.It was found that the device’s current changes remarkably with the species of nucleobases,which originates from their different chemical compositions and coupling strengths with GNRs.In addition,our first-principles results clearly reveal that the distinguished ability of a device’s current depends on the position of the pore to some extent.These results may present a new way to read off the nucleobases sequence of a single-stranded DNA(ssDNA) molecule by such GNRs-based device with designed nanopores     

红外光谱法检测生物大分子损伤的研究进展

红外光谱技术由于其灵敏度高和对样品的非破坏性等优点已成为研究生物大分子损伤的重要工具。蛋白质、脂质和核酸等受到损伤时,其红外光谱特征吸收峰的峰位、峰型和峰强会发生变化,这为检测生物大分子损伤并进一步揭示相关疾病的发生、发展及早期预防提供了依据。还综述了近年来使用红外光谱法检测生物大分子损伤的研究进展,介绍了利用傅里叶变换红外光谱、衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外光谱和傅里叶红外显微等技术在蛋白质二级结构、膜脂流动性和离子通透性以及药物对DNA的作用机制等领域的应用,以及相关的定性和定量分析方法进行了评述,提出了目前红外光谱分析技术中存在的问题,并对今后红外光谱在生物医学领域中的应用前景作了展望,指出疾病早期诊断、红外光谱联用以及定量分析技术等将成为红外光谱领域未来的研究热点。     

基于DNA损伤的蛋白调控网络研究

细胞生长的每个阶段都离不开蛋白质相互作用.研究细胞周期的功能、调控机理及参与调控的蛋白质之间的关系对生物工程等领域有重大的应用价值.本文通过研究电离辐射下生物体细胞的DNA损伤后,细胞内以p53为核心的扩展蛋白调控网络的功能、原理及其自修复机理,在现有蛋白网络基础上引入更多蛋白网络调控因子来建立蛋白调控网络,仿真模拟更为全面的细胞周期进程;并且从复杂网络图论和细胞周期调控两个方面分析扩展PMP调控网络的抗扰能力及自修复机理,结果表明:1)蛋白网络在对抗环境中出现的小扰动时具有较强的稳定性.但在面对蓄意攻击时网络的稳定性较差.2)受损的DNA能否被修复取决于p53蛋白的动力学行为,即低损伤与中损伤情况下,p53可诱导细胞周期进程阻滞来完成细胞的自修复;而当高损伤或过损伤时,p53蛋白浓度表现为周期振荡行为并诱导细胞凋亡.     

紫外辐射对小牛胸腺DNA水溶液影响的拉曼光谱研究

报道了小牛胸腺DNA水溶液经9,20,40min紫外辐射的拉曼光谱图,紫外线的辐射照度为1868W·m-2。实验结果表明波长为2537nm的紫外光在起主要作用的紫外辐射对DNA的损伤是严重的,短短10min的紫外辐射就使1094cm-1这个强峰分裂成几个小峰,说明DNA的构象受到破坏,DNA的构型发生变化,部分单双键发生了断裂,出现了各种各样由于DNA键断裂产生的多核苷酸;4种碱基均受到不同程度的影响,碱基间的氢键造成断裂,其中嘧啶、嘌呤碱基受到的损伤较为严重;紫外辐射对脱氧核糖也产生了破坏。另外,该实验也表明,在水溶液中,DNA以B型结构为主,局部的A型结构仍然存在。     

荧光猝灭光谱法测定DNA

利用荧光光谱法对5-邻氯乙酰氧基苯基-10,15,20-三苯基卟啉与脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）在不同条件下的荧光光谱特征进行了研究。实验表明,在低离子强度下,小牛胸腺DNA导致卟啉的荧光强度猝灭。在pH4.4的B-R缓冲介质中,荧光猝灭程度与小牛胸腺DNA的浓度呈线性关系,线性方程为ΔF=29.8C（μg/mL）-1.17,线性范围为0—10μg/mL,检出限为1.22μg/mL,相关系数为0.9949。对提取的植物基因组总DNA进行测试,由线性方程求得样品中的DNA含量。     

Superexchange interaction enhancement of the quantum transport in a DNA-type molecule

We use the transfer matrix method and the Green function technique to theoretically study the quantum tunnelling through a DNA-type molecule. Ferromagnetic electrodes are used to produce the spin-polarized transmission probability and therefore the spin current. The distance-dependent crossover comes from the topological variation from the one-dimensional to the two-dimensional model transform as we switch on the interstrand coupling; a new base pair will present N-1 extrachannels for the charge and spin as N being the total base pairs. This will restrain the decay of the transmission and improve the stability of the quantum transport. The spin and charge transfer through the DNA-type molecule is consistent with the quantum tunneling barrier.