丝氨酸蛋白酶中催化三元组内氢键的作用

为了探究丝氨酸蛋白酶催化效率的来源,本文分别研究了丝氨酸酶催化水解多肽CI2、MCTI-A和六肽(SUB)的过程中催化三元组内的氢键所起的作用. 首先采用QM/MM-MD方法计算了在酶-底物复合物和过渡态下组氨酸和天冬氨酸之间质子转移的自由能曲线. 结果表明低能垒氢键仅在CI2酰化反应的过渡态区域形成,而在MCTI-A和SUB酰化反应中均是正常氢键. 与MCTI-A相比,CI2和SUB体系中氢键强度在过渡态时显著增强,因此相应的酰化反应能垒明显降低. 过渡态区域形成的低能垒氢键显然有助于加速酰化反应,同时研究也表明正常氢键也有可能降低能垒. 氢键降低能垒的关键则在于过渡态下氢键强度的增加程度,而不是其是否生成了低能垒氢键. 本文为研究催化三元组间的氢键在丝氨酸蛋白酶中的作用提供了新思路,并有助于理解丝氨酸蛋白酶中催化三元组的催化机制.     

Multinuclear (Sn/Pd) complexes with disodium 2,2′-(dithiocarboxyazanediyl)diacetate hydrate; Synthesis,characterization and biological activities

Bimetallic chlorodi-/triorganotin(IV) derivatives of general formulas R₂(H₂O)SnLCSSSn(Cl)R₂ (R=Me: 1; Ph: 2) and R₃Sn(Na)LCSSSnR₃·H₂O (R=Bu: 3; Ph: 4) were prepared by reaction of iminodiacetic acid disodium salt hydrate (Na₂LH) with CS₂ and R₂SnCl₂/R₃SnCl in methanol. The reaction between Na₂LH, CS₂, and PdCl₂ produced [Na₂LCSS]₂Pd·2H₂O (5) which was treated with R₃SnCl to synthesize the heterobimetallic derivatives [R₃Sn(Na)LCSS]₂Pd·2H₂O (R=Me: 6; Ph: 7). The complexes were characterized by microanalysis, spectroscopic, and thermogravimetric analyses. Elemental analysis data, mass fragmentation, and thermal degradation patterns supported the molecular composition of the complexes. FT-IR data indicated monodentate binding of carboxylate while a chelating coordination mode of the dithiocarboxylate was verified in the solid state. A five-coordinate tin(IV) was demonstrated in the solid state. In solution, a tetrahedral/trigonal bipyramidal configuration around Sn(IV) and a square planar geometry of Pd(II) was indicated by multinuclear NMR (¹H and ¹³C) and UV-visible studies. The Pd(II) derivatives showed interaction with salmon sperm-DNA and caused an inhibition of alkaline phosphatase (ALPs). The antibacterial/antifungal potential of the coordination products varied with the nature of incorporated metal and a substitution pattern at tin(IV); the palladium metallation decreased the antimicrobial activities. The triorganotin(IV) products exhibited more powerful action against bacteria/fungi as compared to their diorganotin(IV) counterparts. The complexes displayed sufficiently lower hemolytic effects in vitro as compared to triton X-100 and slightly higher than PBS.     

Phosphoprotein Analysis by MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry using On-Probe Tandem Proteolysis and Dephosphorylation

In this investigation, methods based on on-probe enzymatic cleavage matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric (MALDI-TOF-MS) analyses have been developed, allowing the rapid assignment of phosphorylation sites within phosphoproteins. The procedures involved robotic sample deposition of a phosphoprotein, such as intact bovine β-casein, on stainless steel or gold MALDI plates, on-probe proteolysis with trypsin for 10–180?s at 37°C, on-probe dephosphorylation for 1–10?min at 37°C with alkaline phosphatase, followed by differential mass spectrometry with peptide mass mapping. The dephosphorylation conditions were initially optimized using in-solution tryptic digestion of the phosphoprotein performed in the presence of MS-compatible anionic surfactant sodium 3-[(2-methyl-2-undecyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methoxy]-1-propanesulfonate. Two methods of trypsin deactivation were investigated, cooling and quenching by acidification, which resulted in the surfactant either staying intact or becoming cleaved, respectively. Since the surfactant had no detrimental effects on dephosphorylation of phosphopeptides, the acidification and neutralization steps were not included in the final analytical method. A protocol, comprising on-probe tandem, surfactant-aided proteolysis for 3?min followed by on-probe dephosphorylation for 10?min was thus established, allowing the rapid identification of location and sequence of phosphopeptides within a phosphoprotein by these procedures.     

超临界水中甲酸降解过程实验研究

在550℃~650℃,24 MPa~30 MPa,反应停留16 s~46 s的条件下,对初始浓度0.05 mol/L~0.70 mol/L的甲酸溶液在超临界水中的降解过程进行实验研究。结果表明,甲酸降解的气体产物为H2、CO2和CO,其中H2、CO2为主要产物。高温有利于甲酸降解和H2生成。温度较高(600℃)时,压力变化对甲酸降解无明显影响。在一定范围内延长反应时间可提高气体产物中H2的体积分数和碳气化率。甲酸初始浓度对甲酸降解机理有重要影响,浓度较低(0.1 mol/L)时,甲酸降解主要包含脱羧反应和脱羰反应两条反应路径,其中脱羧反应为主反应路径;浓度较高时则有许多副反应发生。碱性添加剂不利于甲酸降解生成H2。     

A Structural Diversity of Molecular Alkaline-Earth-Metal Polyphosphides: From Supramolecular Wheel to Zintl Ion

A series of molecular group 2 polyphosphides has been synthesized by using air-stable [Cp*Fe(η⁵-P₅)] (Cp*=C₅Me₅) or white phosphorus as polyphosphorus precursors. Different types of group 2 reagents such as organo-magnesium, mono-valent magnesium, and molecular calcium hydride complexes have been investigated to activate these polyphosphorus sources. The organo-magnesium complex [(^DippBDI−Mg(CH₃))₂] (^DippBDI={[2,6-ⁱPr₂C₆H₃NCMe]₂CH}⁻) reacts with [Cp*Fe(η⁵-P₅)] to give an unprecedented Mg/Fe-supramolecular wheel. Kinetically controlled activation of [Cp*Fe(η⁵-P₅)] by different mono-valent magnesium complexes allowed the isolation of Mg-coordinated formally mono- and di-reduced products of [Cp*Fe(η⁵-P₅)]. To obtain the first examples of molecular calcium-polyphosphides, a molecular calcium hydride complex was used to reduce the aromatic cyclo-P₅ ring of [Cp*Fe(η⁵-P₅)]. The Ca-Fe-polyphosphide is also characterized by quantum chemical calculations and compared with the corresponding Mg complex. Moreover, a calcium coordinated Zintl ion (P₇)³⁻ was obtained by molecular calcium hydride mediated P₄ reduction.     

衍生气相色谱-质谱法测定水中氯代酸性除草剂

采用H2SO4加入法改变了酸性除草剂在水中的存在状态,对碱性活化点的存在与消除进行了分析,同时对不同试剂的萃取效率进行了对比,建立了衍生气相色谱-质谱法测定水中10种氯代酸性除草剂的方法。化合物检出限均低于10.0 ng/L,回收率范围为60%～120%。     

Poly(phenylene oxide) copolymer anion exchange membranes

Poly(phenylene oxide) block and random copolymers are synthesized by oxidative polymerization of 2,6-dimethylphenol and 2,6-diphenylphenol for potential alkaline exchange membrane application. The copolymers are functionalized on the methyl substituted repeat units through a two-step process to produce pendent quaternary ammonium cationic groups. The amount of quaternary ammonium cations and the ion exchange capacity are quantified through titration measurements. Ionic conductivity of the copolymer membranes is measured by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Block copolymers show increased bromide conductivity at higher ion exchange capacities compared with the random copolymer analogs. The bromide conductivity for a block copolymer film with an ion exchange capacity of 1.27 mequiv/g reaches 26 mS/cm at 90 °C and 95% relative humidity. The hydroxide conductivity for the same film was measured to be 84 mS/cm at 80 °C and 95% relative humidity. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2013, 51, 1770–1778, 2013     

SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC STUDY OF COMPLEX FORMATION BETWEEN SOME ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH CATIONS AND SEVERAL CONVENTIONAL (N,N), (N,O) AND (O,O) LIGANDS IN 95% ETHANOL

Abstract

The complexation of Li⁺, Na⁺, Mg²⁺ and Ca²⁺ with 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2′-bipyridine, 1,2-phenylenediamine, 2-aminopyridine, 8-hydroxyquinoline, catechol and ethylene glycol was studied in 95% ethanol by means of a competitive spectrophotometric method using murexide as indicator. Formation constants of 1:1 conplexes were determined. In the case of all ligands used, the stability of the complexes was found to vary in the order Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Li⁺ > Na⁺. It was found that the structure influences the formation and stability of resulting complexes. Effects of various parameters on complexation are discussed.