Effects of Electronic Correlations for Adiabatic Electrochemical Reactions of Electron Transfer in Electrode Models with Nearly Empty and Nearly Filled Conduction Bands: Diagram of Kinetic Modes

A diagram of kinetic modes (DKM), whose parts correspond to different electron transfer types, for any electrode's Fermi energy _F and any finite value of its conduction band's width B is studied. Important differences between DKM for any _F and B and DKM in a model of a surface molecule for an electrode-reactant system are pointed out. DKM for electrode models with nearly empty and nearly filled conduction bands proposed earlier are discussed. Expressions for outermost curves of DKM are derived for some special cases within these models.     

Equation of State of Hot Neutrino Opaque Interior Matter of Neutron Star

The equation of state of hot neutrino opaque interior matter of the neutron star and some of its properties such as the free energy, effective mass, adiabatic index, and temperature are calculated along both isothermal and isentropic paths with the AV ₁₈ and AV ₁₄ potentials using the lowest order constrained variational method. We have shown that the calculated equation of state with the AV ₁₈ potential is harder than with the AV ₁₄ potential. It is found that there is no phase transition in the hot neutrino opaque interior matter of the neutron star. We have shown that for all values of density and entropy, the adiabatic index of neutron star matter is greater than . It is shown that our calculated equations of state obey the causality condition.     

Moment Mechanics of Composites

Based on the gradient (multimoment) theory of composites, the stress-strain state in structural elements is analyzed. Approximate formulas for the moduli and stresses of fibrous composites in longitudinal shear and other stress states are found. The effect of scale parameters on the state of supercomposites is revealed.     

Shear Flow of a Granular Material

The shear flow of a granular material between parallel plates is treated by means of the Boltzmann equation with pseudo-Maxwellian grains. The moments for reverse reflection boundary conditions are found explicitly. The shearing stress is found to depend quadratically on the shear rate.     

Spin-Flip and Elastic Processes in Slow Collisions of Mesic Atoms

The reduced adiabatic hyperspherical (RAHS) basis suggested previously is used for the calculation of elastic and spin-flip cross sections in the processes (aμ) _F + a → (aμ) _F′ + a, a = (p, d, t), for collision energies 10⁻³ ≤ ε ≤ 10² eV. The rapid convergence of the method is demonstrated. A comparison of the obtained results with previous ones is presented. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

MAPON EFG Result for 54Mn in Cubic Cobalt

Modulated adiabatic passage on oriented nuclei (MAPON) spectroscopy has been used to measure the electric quadrupole interaction at dilute ⁵⁴Mn impurity probes in crystallographically cubic (fcc) cobalt. The measured value is P/h=+5.2(5) kHz and using Q=+0.33(3) b, leads to an electric field gradient of V _zz =+1.3(2)×10¹⁹ V m⁻². This result is consistent with established trends for Mn and Co probes in the 3d ferromagnetic hosts. This revised version was published online in September 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Hole diameter effect on flow characteristics of wake behind porous fences having the same porosity

The hole diameter effect on the flow characteristics of wake behind porous fences has been investigated experimentally in a circulating water channel having a test section of 300^w×200^h×1200^l (mm). Three porous fences having different hole diameters of d=1.4,2.1,2.8 mm were tested in this study, but they have the same =38.5% geometric porosity. One thousand instantaneous velocity fields for each fence were measured consecutively by the hybrid PTV system employing a high-speed CCD camera. Free stream velocity was fixed at 10 cm/sec and the corresponding Reynolds number based on the fence height was Re=2,985. Consequently, the fence with the smallest hole diameter d=1.4 mm (d_1.4) decreases the streamwise velocity component and increases the vertical velocity component. Among the three hole diameters tested in this study, the d_1.4 fence has the largest turbulence intensity in the shear layer developed from the fence top. Regardless of the hole diameter, however, all three fences having the same porosity reduce the reduction of turbulent intensity in the lower region below the fence height (y/H<1).     

Adiabatic bond charge model for lattice dynamics of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors

The adiabatic bond charge model of Rustagi and Weber is extended to study lattice dynamical properties of ternary chalcopyrite semiconductors AgGaS₂, AgGaSe₂, CuInS₂, CuInSe₂, CuGaS₂, CuGaSe₂, CuAlS₂ and CuAlSe₂. The new model calculations agree well with the results of Raman/IR and neutron measurements of Brillouin zone center phonon frequencies for both low and high frequency modes which was difficult for other phenomenological lattice dynamical models. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Perturbation to Symmetries and Adiabatic Invariants of Nonholonomic System in Terms of Quasi-coordinates

Based on the theory of Lie symmetries and conserved quantities, the exact invariants and adiabatic invariants of nonholonomic system in terms of quasi-coordinates are studied. The perturbation to symmetries for the nonholonomic system in terms of quasi-coordinates under small excitation is discussed. The concept of high-order adiabatic invariant is presented, and the forms of exact invariants and adiabatic invariants as well as the conditions for their existence are given. Then the corresponding inverse problem is studied.     

A-priori evaluations of subgrid-scale terms for large-eddy simulation of compressible turbulent flows

The subgrid-scale terms for different formulations of the energy equation are evaluated from a-priori tests using the direct numerical simulation (DNS) data of a compressible mixing layer at a moderate Mach number of M = 0.65. To extend the generality of the results, the simulations were performed with three different initial conditions for the velocity fields. To examine the impact of strong temperature variations on the subgrid scales, a non-isothermal mixing layer with lower to upper free-stream temperature ratio of 3 is also considered. For cold simulations, with equal free-stream temperatures, the total energy equation is shown to be the best choice in view of the accuracy and the subgrid-scale modelling requirements. For hot simulations, with the free-stream temperature ratio equal to 3, the total enthalpy equation is found to be the best formulation for the energy equation. Furthermore, it is shown that the subgrid-scale pressure dilatation term, which has been largely neglected so far, is of the same order of the subgrid-scale heat flux. Based on the present results, the contribution of the subgrid-scale pressure dilatation can be up to 46% of the total sugbrid-scale activity. Moreover, the time evolutions of the volume-average mean kinetic energy, turbulent kinetic energy, production, dissipation, and pressure dilatation terms are considered. Unlike the subgrid-scale pressure dilatation term, the volume-average pressure dilatation terms are negligible, and compressibility does not affect the large-scale evolutions of the mean and turbulent kinetic energies.