新疆塔里木马鹿Cervus elaphus yarkandensis）研究进展及展望

塔里木马鹿是国家Ⅱ级保护动物,马鹿众多亚种中分布于荒漠地区的特殊亚种之一．其分布范围十分狭小,仅分布于塔里木河中下游和车尔臣河下游地区．塔里木马鹿野生资源由于其栖息地的不断缩小和片段化,以及长期以来屡禁不止的乱捕滥杀现象而日趋减少．世界自然保护联盟（IUCN）于1977年9月在华盛顿鹿类专家组会议上,认为该证种已经灭绝;该亚种还作为濒危物种列入美国濒危物种名目中．目前,塔里木马鹿分布区内,尚有大片领域受到人类活动的影响,其生存前景令人担忧．因此,本文我们根据多年的实地调查数据并结合前人的研究结果,探讨了塔里木马鹿野生种群的研究现状并提出保护建议,这对有效的保护塔里木马鹿野生种群方面具有一定的科学价值．     

基于BP神经网络模型模拟塔里木河下游潜水埋深变化——以英苏断面C5井为例

本文以塔里木河下游英苏断面350m处C5井为研究对象,分析了影响下游英苏断面的潜水埋深影响因素,通过三层BP神经网络模型模拟了潜水埋深变化．以Matlab7．0为工作平台,将2000．7-2008．12期间的英苏C5井的步长为3个月数据资料作为一个样本,选取每个样本的输水量、输水持续天数、上季度该井的潜水埋深平均值作为模型输入量,输出量为相应的C5井的本季度的潜水埋深平均值,建立3—11-1的BP神经网络模型,模拟了C5井潜水埋深．结果表明,网络模拟相对误差小于5％,模型具有较高的精度．通过BP模型模拟潜水埋深,为塔河下游生态恢复和水资源决策提供一定的依据．     

Basin-wide cooperative water resources allocation

The Cooperative Water Allocation Model (CWAM) is designed within a general mathematical programming framework for modeling equitable and efficient water allocation among competing users at the basin level and applied to a large-scale water allocation problem in the South Saskatchewan River Basin located in southern Alberta, Canada. This comprehensive model consists of two main steps: initial water rights allocation and subsequent water and net benefits reallocation. Two mathematical programming approaches, called the priority-based maximal multiperiod network flow (PMMNF) method and the lexicographic minimax water shortage ratios (LMWSR) technique, are developed for use in the first step. Cooperative game theoretic approaches are utilized to investigate how the net benefits can be fairly reallocated to achieve optimal economic reallocation of water resources in the second step. The application of this methodology to the South Saskatchewan River Basin shows that CWAM can be utilized as a tool for promoting the understanding and cooperation of water users to achieve maximum welfare in a river basin and minimize the potential damage caused by water shortages, through water rights allocation, and water and net benefit transfers among water users under a regulated water market or administrative allocation mechanism.     

Effect of channel connection on flow and salinity distribution of Danshuei River estuary

Numerical models are often used to evaluate the potential impact of human alteration of natural water bodies and to help the design the alternation to mitigate its impacts. A vertical (laterally integrated) two-dimensional hydrodynamic model was expanded to include the capability of simulating river loops as well as tributaries. The model was performed and applied to the Danshuei River estuarine system in northern Taiwan which consists of three major tributaries: the Tahan Stream, Hsintien Stream, Keelung River, and one river loop under the Chung-Hsin Bridge. The expanded model was reverified with observational field data of 2000. The verified model was then used to hindcast the river hydrodynamic conditions with a loop connection between the Danshuei River and Keelung River, which existed prior to 1965. It was found that the configuration of river loop connection has significant impacts on the residual transport along the connecting channel and the salinities in the connected river branches. The results show that the model may provide an ideal tool for management decision.     

石墨炉原子吸收法连续测定沱江河水中的Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr

采用热解涂层石墨管 ,应用氘灯扣除背景技术 ,在无任何基体改进剂的条件下 ,提出连续测定沱江河水中 Cu、Pb、Cd、Cr的方法。该方法操作简便、检出限低 ,快速、准确 ,结果令人满意     

Coagulation effect and floc properties of polyferric silicate sulphate and polyferric sulphate in the Yellow River water treatment

Two inorganic polymer coagulants,polyferric silicate sulphate(PFSS) and polyferric sulphate(PFS),were comparatively evaluated in the Yellow River water treatment.The removal efficiency of turbidity and UV254 were investigated,and the zeta potential was measured.An online laser scatter instrument was used to determine the size distribution of flocs formed in the coagulation processes.Compared with PFS,PFSS forms flocs with higher growth rates and larger sizes.The formed flocs were exposed to a series of shea...     

Electrochemical Detection of Trace Concentrations of Cadmium and Lead with a Boron‐Doped Diamond Electrode: Effect of KCl and KNO3 Electrolytes,Interferences and Measurement in River Water

Parts‐per‐billion levels of cadmium and lead were detected using square‐wave anodic stripping voltammetry with a boron‐doped diamond electrode. Calibration plots (10‐minute deposition time) in KCl and KNO₃ were non‐linear at low concentrations (1–5 ppb) due to the deposition mechanism of these metals. The preferred electrolyte for cadmium was KCl, while lead could be measured in either electrolyte. The lowest concentrations included in the linear portion of the calibration plot (5 minute deposition time) for cadmium were 10 ppb and 50 ppb in KCl and KNO₃, respectively, and 10 ppb for lead in KNO₃. The presence of either lead or copper suppressed the cadmium stripping peak, but the lead stripping peak was unaffected by cadmium, and enhanced by the addition of copper. A river water sample was analyzed for cadmium and lead, and the cadmium results were confirmed using ICP‐AES spectrometry. It was determined electrochemically that a fraction of lead in the river sample was bound by complexing material in the sample.