钱塘江源头开化县生态建设探讨

钱塘江源头城市开化县复杂的地貌形态及多样的山地小气候孕育了丰富多样的生物资源。根据生态环境现状,提出了突出生物多样性保护、加强生态林业、生态工业、生态农业、生态城镇、生态旅游业等生态建设的思路。     

雅砻江谷底卸荷松弛现象与深厚覆盖层特征

雅砻江河床覆盖层厚度多在30m以上,最厚可达51.6m。覆盖层横向上厚度变化较大,纵向上可明显分为3层,上、下部以正常河流相为主,厚度较薄;中部以洪积、崩积、坡积、湖泊沉积堆积与冲积混合堆积为主的加积序列,厚度相对较大。在谷底基岩面以下,岩体通常存在20m厚左右的卸荷松弛带,弱风化,具有透水性好,岩体完整性较差,工程力学性状差等特征,其潜在的工程效应是坝基渗漏。覆盖层深厚是第二层加积序列所致,谷底形成时间长,以致谷底有足够的时间卸荷松弛和风化。     

保定府河溶解性有机质三维荧光光谱分析(英文)

利用三维荧光光谱法(3D-EEM)研究了保定府河溶解性有机质(DOM)的荧光特性,根据三维荧光光谱图中荧光峰的位置、数量及强度变化,荧光峰之间的相关性,初步判断荧光物质的类别、分布和来源。府河水体溶解性有机质主要有类蛋白质和类溶解性微生物代谢产物两类,类蛋白荧光峰Ex/Em=225~230/340nm(A);类溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光峰Ex/Em=275/340~350nm(B)。不同采样时间和采样点,府河水体基本上都存在类蛋白荧光峰和类溶解性微生物代谢产物荧光峰。分析各荧光峰强度与水质指标相关性发现,两荧光峰之间呈显著性相关,表明研究区域中类蛋白质和类溶解性微生物代谢产物具有同源性;DOM两类荧光峰与COD,TN,TP,NH3-N呈显著正相关,表明通过两类荧光峰强度可推测府河污染程度,为府河污染防治和沿河流域生态环境治理提供参考。     

考虑土性参数空间变异性的边坡可靠度分析

采用基于Morgenstern-Price法的Monte-Carlo模拟对黄河大堤开封段边坡进行了可靠度分析,并用抽样法进行了考虑土性参数空间变异性的可靠度分析,讨论了土性参数互相关性对可靠指标的影响,得到了一些有益的结论。对边坡工程安全度评价研究有一定的理论意义和实际应用价值。     

Sensitivity of plume dynamics to the parameterization of vertical mixing

A three‐dimensional primitive equation, baroclinic numerical model incorporating a range of turbulence closure schemes is used to investigate the effects of vertical diffusion of momentum and density upon the spread of a freshwater plume, with particular reference to the Ebro plume. Initial calculations show that there are some differences in the horizontal spread and vertical mixing of the plume when diffusion coefficients are computed from a two‐equation turbulence energy model compared with a one‐equation model. To understand results from the turbulence energy models, the sensitivity of the plume dynamics to variations in the coefficient of vertical eddy viscosity and diffusivity is also considered, with increases in these parameters having a significant effect upon the cross‐shore and along‐shore spread of the plume. Also, increasing these parameters changes the plume characteristics from supercritical to subcritical and reduces the occurrence of meandering and baroclinic instability along the plume's off‐shore edge. However, differences in the southerly spread (the direction of Kelvin wave propagation in the model) of the plume (although not its northerly spread) produced by changes in diffusion coefficients are small compared with the influence of changes in the bottom slope, upon the along‐shore southerly spread of the plume, which moves in the direction of Kelvin wave propagation in the near coastal region. Results from the series of calculations are used as a guide in experimental design, with reference to a planned experiment in the Ebro region involving a coastal HF Radar deployment, as well as off‐shore measurements. Calculations suggest that surface current measurements from a coastal HF Radar, together with a detailed survey of the density field associated with the plume, may be an appropriate, although indirect, means of determining suitable mixing coefficients to use in plume discharge problems. Detailed measurements of water depth variation will also be required. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Multivariate optimization of solvent extraction with 1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetonates for the determination of total and labile Cu and Fe in river surface water by flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A procedure for simultaneous solvent extraction of Cu(II) and Fe(III) from river surface waters as diethyldithiocarbamates (DDC) 1,1,1-trifluoroacetylacetonates into isobutyl methyl ketone (IBMK) has been developed prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Experimental design approaches were used in order to obtain the best compromise conditions for simultaneous solvent extraction. Variables such as pH, sodium DDC or 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanodione (H(TFA)) concentrations, reaction time, IBMK volume and extraction time have been optimized. First, Plackett–Burman designs involving 13 experiments and 2 replicates were used as screening designs to determine which variables were significant. DDC or H(TFA) concentration, as well as pH and IBMK volume were found statistically significant and they were finally optimized by applying a central composite design (15 experiments and 2 replicates). Optimum values for these variables were selected for compromise extraction conditions of Cu(II) and Fe(III) species. An optimum pH of 5.3 was chosen for Cu–H(TFA) and Fe–H(TFA) formation with an optimum H(TFA) concentration of 0.20% (m/v). The optimum IBMK volume for extraction was 8 ml, allowing a pre-concentration factor of 10. A microwave-assisted peroxydisulfate oxidation was used to break down the metal–organic matter complexes in river surface waters in order to assess the total Cu and Fe contents. Applying the experimental design approach, optimum conditions was an irradiation for 5.0 min at a microwave power of 500 W using 0.5 g of ammonium peroxydisulfate. The method was applied to determine total Cu and Fe contents and also labile Cu(II) and Fe(III) contents in several river surface water samples.     

Determination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in river water by HPLC

Summary A method is proposed for the determination of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in river waters using multi-electrode electrochemical detection HPLC. 2-mercaptobenzothiazole determination is unsatisfactory by gas chromatography as it degrades readily on the column. Multielectrode electrochemical detection HPLC combines sensitivity and the ability to screen out other electrochemically active species. The development work leading up to the proposed method is discussed. The method has a limit of detection of 0.798gl^–1 2-mercaptobenzothiazole and a total standard deviation of 2.06gl^–1 2-mercaptobenzothiazole at a concentration of 7.97gl^–1 2-mercaptobenzothiazole in river water.     

引黄入晋工程中的膨胀岩及其工程设防

本文在对晋西北引黄入晋隧洞工程区陆相沉积地层中泥质膨胀岩分布特征与工程特性进行调查研究的基础上, 提出了利用膨胀岩特有规律优化隧洞线路布设与施工的工程控制方法。这对膨胀岩区地下工程的灾害预测与防治具有重要意义和参考价值。     

中国黄河三角洲的草地

黄河三角洲是中国最大的三角洲之一。草地是本地区主要自然植被类型。芦苇群落、白茅群落、獐茅群落和盐地碱蓬群落是该草地的4个基本类型。本文研究了它们的性质及其环境因子特征。草地的平均年产草量可达2000kg/hecta。将放牧区与割草区分开、控制放牧的时间和强度、限制牧群的数量以及适宜地造林是合理利用草地资源的重要途径。建立自然保护区对于科学研究、草地生态系统的保护是必要的。     

基于组合评价的长三角城市基础设施投资绩效研究

城市基础设施投资绩效的合理评价是进行科学投资决策的重要依据。为了对长三角25个城市基础设施投资绩效进行客观、合理的评价,建立了基础设施投资绩效评价指标体系,选取2009年截面数据采用组合评价法进行综合评价。该方法首先使用超效率DEA、熵权TOPSIS、因子分析三种方法得出各自结果下的排名,在验证了各评价方法具有一致性的前提下采用模糊Borda综合评价法得出各城市的最终排名。组合评价方法弥补了单一方法的不足,有助于得到更客观合理的评价结果,为有关城市和部门把握基础设施投资绩效和未来决策提供参考。