2-Bromoethyl glycosides for synthesis of glycoconjugates on solid support

2-Bromoethyl glycosides can easily and in high yields be transformed into sulfones by treatment with a suitable thiol followed by oxidation with mCPBA. The observation that the so formed sulfones were cleaved by treatment with NaOMe/MeOH was used to design a new safety catch linker for synthesis of glycoconjugates on solid support.     

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在HL-2A装置上发展了两类动态斯塔克效应(MSE)偏振仪并应用于磁场倾斜角的测量。其中被称为比值法的MSE系统误差可以被控制在±0.15°以内。在HL-2A装置实验中,利用该方法成功获得7个空间点、径向覆盖范围为24cm的磁场倾斜角剖面分布,其时间分辨可达到40ms。应用平衡重建代码(EFIT)结合MSE测量数据的限定,可以得到安全因子(q)的径向分布,其中 q=1面的位置与软 X 射线测量得到锯齿振荡反转面的位置一致。调制法MSE在标定实验中误差也可控制在±0.15°以内。实验结果表明偏振片透振方向与双光学弹性调制器(dual PEM)快轴夹角平分线的偏差对系统的线性和误差均有较大的影响。目前,该系统已经建成一个空间通道,测得磁场倾斜角的时间分辨可以达到20ms。     

Development of a simplified method for evaluating agricultural tractor’s operator whole body vibration

Whole body vibrations (WBV) are one of the risk factors causing the onset of professional diseases in agricultural tractors operators: a method for assessing vehicle’s properties in terms of vibrations turns out to be fundamental for comfort and safety improvement. Studying agricultural tractor operator exposure to vibrations has always been difficult for the several topics to the tractor is used. Studies have pointed out that the combination of vehicle speed and surface roughness induces a transformation of part of vehicle forwarding speed in vertical accelerations acting as a series of impulses exciting the elastic parts of the tractor to have similar shapes in the frequency domain. Following this consideration the CREA-ING has developed three simplified test track, one for each axis of solicitation, for investigating the possibility of defining tractor’s comfort level with a simplified test.     

一种基于C#的XML加密方法的研究与实现

针对在Internet应用中,XML文档传输安全的重要性,研究并提出了一种基于C#.NET环境下XML加密的方案,使用XML加密机制来保证XML信息的安全性。通过研究XML加密的密钥交换方法及基本实现模式,将高级加密算法(AES)与目前广泛应用的公钥算法(RSA)相结合,提出了一种数据安全传输的解     

Contrôler et limiter la dispersion des produits radioactifs des centrales électronucléaires en cas d'accident

We examine the role of physical, chemical and physicochemical differences between the consequences of accidents occurring in high-risk technologies (oil extraction, refinery and transport, big chemistry process, space shuttle flying start, airplane, underground mining, high velocity train transportation, etc.) and the major radioactive major accidents in nuclear power plants (NPP) from the viewpoint of their sequels, confined or not confined, in space and time, and then, their serious impact on human societies, neighboring or not. We identify chemical (as volatile species, noble gases, etc.), physical bodies (as aerosols, etc.) containing radioactive nuclei released in these accidents and seek to control and reduce the causes of their diffusion in the atmosphere, migrations in soils and land, transfer in inland waters and oceans. We propose ways of scientific research leading to solutions with a view to get an improved control of these radioactive substances, and in particular:

• A.reducing as much as possible the irradiation duration by removing the fuel elements from the nuclear core of the NPP reactor and extracting all culprit radioactive nuclei;
• B.designing power reactors using liquid fuels that can be frequently or even continuously removed from the core of the reactor. The disputed radioactive substances can, then, be extracted by chemical processes. The purified nuclear fuel fluid may then be returned to the core;
• C.to separate, in a more radical manner, the circuits of the nuclear fuel and that of the cooling fluid, in order to decrease strongly the radioactive phenomena in the latter, easing its design, operation, maintenance and dismantling;
• D.using a fuel of lower atomic number than uranium or plutonium, as thorium. The use in the present-time fuel cycle of actinides with high atomic numbers Z (number of protons) and A (number of nucleons) leads, by successive neutron captures, to very high Z and A pair–pair nuclei (as americium and curium) subject to spontaneous fissions, then emitting neutrons of fission, even when the nuclear chain reaction is stopped. Neutron emissions are a major hazard if their mass production oversizes the laboratory level. It poses difficult, complicated scientific problems for human radioprotection. A way to improve concepts further than A, B, and C consists in using a nuclear fuel whose Z and A numbers are much smaller than those of uranium, for instance thorium. This is concept D studied here.

A substantial part of these lines of these four research routes has been already studied in other contexts, during the last half-century. What can be used is specified here, with the necessary extensions to the fields of physics, chemistry, and physical chemistry.     

An economic production quantity model with a positive resetup point under random demand

In this paper, an extended economic production quantity (EPQ) model is investigated, where demand follows a random process. This study is motivated by an industrial case for precision machine assembly in the machinery industry. Both a positive resetup point s and a fixed lot size Q are implemented in this production control policy. To cope with random demand, a resetup point, i.e., the lowest inventory level to start the production, is adapted to minimize stock shortage during the replenishment cycle. The considered cost includes setup cost, inventory carrying cost, and shortage cost, where shortage may occur at the production stage and/or at the end of one replenishment cycle. Under some mild conditions, the expected cost per unit time can be shown to be convex with respect to decision parameters s and Q. Further computational study has demonstrated that the proposed model outperforms the classical EPQ when demand is random. In particular, a positive resetup point contributes to a significant portion of this cost savings when compared with that in the classical lot sizing policy.     

Multiple-vehicle collision induced by a sudden stop in traffic flow

We study the dynamic process of the multiple-vehicle collision when a vehicle stops suddenly in a traffic flow. We apply the optimal-velocity model to the vehicular motion. If a vehicle does not decelerate successfully, it crashes into the vehicle ahead with a residual speed. The collision criterion is presented by _vi(t)/Δ_xi(t)→∞$v_i(t)/\mathrm{\Delta }{x}_i(t)\to \infty$ if Δ_xi(t)→0$\mathrm{\Delta }{x}_i(t)\to 0$ where _vi(t)$v_i(t)$ and Δ_xi(t)$\mathrm{\Delta }{x}_i(t)$ are the speed and headway of vehicle i at time t. The number of crumpled vehicles depends on the initial velocity, the sensitivity, and the initial headway. We derive the region map (or phase diagram) for the multiple-vehicle collision.     

Experimental investigation on the detonability of non-uniform gaseous mixtures

An experimental investigation is performed to characterize the detonability of small gaseous clouds with a concentration gradient. Two types of gaseous mixtures are used: (i) a heavy gas (equivalence ratio : ); (ii) a light gas . The mixtures are initially confined in a hemispherical volume which is characterized by an initial radius m. When the confining is ruptured, the gaseous mixture diffuses into the surrounding air. The concentration distribution is a result of molecular diffusion, gravity and turbulence. Schlieren chronophotographies enable the illustration of the dispersion of the cloud. By means of pressure profiles of blast waves generated by the explosion, the limit between the two explosion phenomena (total and partial explosive charge) is defined. The limit time delay, which leads to a given concentration distribution and for which detonations cannot be observed, is investigated with respect to initial gaseous composition and initial volume of confining. The critical nominal initiation energies in uniform and non-uniform media are characterized. Received 19 October 1998 / Accepted 15 July 1999     

The Further Study of Safety Stock under Uncertain Environment

Corresponding to stochastic variable, it is a better choice to describe the market demand uncertainty of innovative products with fuzzy variable because no historical data is available. Traditionally, possibility measure is regarded as the parallel concept of probability measure. However, it is, in fact, the credibility measure that plays the role of probability measure! Based on the credibility theory, this paper studies how to evaluate the safety stock of enterprise given desired product availability when the node enterprise market demand of supply chain is described by Gauss fuzzy variable. Thereinafter, the authors discuss the impact of required product availability and demand uncertainty on safety stock, compare the correlative issues with stochastic demand, and get some useful results.     

Hybrid stochastic approach for the modelling and analysis of fire safety systems

This paper approaches the problem of analysing control strategies for Fire Safety Systems. The components of Fire Safety Systems present behaviours of different nature and therefore the use of a hybrid modelling formalism is necessary. Petri net is used to model the discrete dynamics. Algebraic and differential equations are used for the continuous one. In order to realistically evaluate the performance of Fire Safety Systems, failures and other uncertainties, such as people’s behaviour, should be included in the model. Due to the model complexity, results are obtained by Monte Carlo simulation.