重大工程场址的地壳稳定度及其应用

依据板块构造和岩石圈动力学研究结果,以不同规模的活动断裂或地壳活动带作为边界可把地壳分成不同规模的地块,相对稳定的地块称为“安全岛”。提出用稳定度(△f)的概念来定量表达“安全岛”的稳定程度,从而为选定和评价重要工程场址提供了一种新的途径。文章以黑山峡水坝选址为例进行了应用研究,提出该峡段小观音和大柳树两地均可作为坝址的结论。     

化学生物学实验的教学实践及其安全管理

作为化学领域的新兴二级学科,化学生物学利用化学的原理、方法和具有生物活性的化合物来研究生命过程中的问题。本文主要介绍了清华大学为"学堂人才计划"学生培养建立的实验课程平台——"化学生物学实验"课程的教学实践、体会和安全管理。     

New Correlation between Electric Spark and Impact Sensitivities of Nitramine Energetic Compounds for Assessment of Their Safety

Electric spark and impact sensitivities of nitramine energetic compounds are two important sensitivity parameters, which are closely related to many accidents in working places. For nitramines, in contrast to electric spark sensitivity, their impact sensitivity can be easily measured or predicted by various methods. A new approach is introduced to correlate electric spark and impact sensitivities of nitramine energetic compounds by the use of three structural parameters. The predicted results of the novel model for 20 nitramines are compared with two of the best available models, which are based on complex quantum mechanical approach and the measured values of activation energies of thermolysis. The root‐mean‐square (rms) and maximum deviations of the new model are 1.06 and 2.41 J, respectively. For further 14 nitramines, where the measured electric spark or impact sensitivities were not available, the estimated electric spark sensitivities by the new model are close to those predicted based on experimental data of activation energies of thermolysis.     

多煤层开采覆岩破断过程的模型试验与数值模拟

首先分析了研究区煤矿山西组煤层剖面和水文地质特征,针对多煤层联合开采的特点和覆岩的工程地质特征,采用工程地质力学模型实验、数值模拟计算相结合的综合研究方法,分析了多煤层开采的采动影响及岩层动态断裂机理,得出了有关岩层移动参数和多层煤同采时应力分布状态,计算得到了多煤层开采垮落带与导水裂隙带的发育高度分别为32m和81.5m,导水裂隙带高度影响范围已经达到风化带,未形成切冒,局部穿透粘土层。     

电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法检测市售鱿鱼中5种重金属

基于硝酸消解体系,建立了微波消解-电感耦合离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法同时测定市售鱿鱼中铅、砷、镉、汞、铬5种重金属元素的检测方法。样品加入HNO₃进行微波消解,优化ICP-MS 相关检测参数后,进行外标法定量。结果表明,5种重金属在各自浓度范围内线性关系均＞0.999,平均回收率为96%-101%,精密度RSD均小于5%。用该法检测广州市农贸市场随机购买的6个批次冰鲜鱿鱼,结果有1个批次砷含量超标,1个批次镉含量超标。该法前处理简单,检测准确、快速,适用于鱿鱼等水产品中铅、砷、镉、汞、铬等重金属的检测。     

确定边坡最危险滑动面的计算机模拟

边坡稳定性分析 ,关键是确定潜在的滑动面 ,目的是有利于工程安全。本文编制了二、三维计算机模拟程序 ,在二维模拟中提出了四种计算模式 ,三维模拟中考虑了空间、荷载、渗流效应 ,结合工程实例对边坡进行模拟并对土层抗剪强度参数进行了反演 ,模拟计算与实测结果吻合 ,模拟出的抗剪强度参数平均值与实测的抗剪强度参数标准值相当     

Concepts for safety stock determination under stochastic demand and different types of random production yield

We consider a manufacturer’s stochastic production/inventory problem under periodic review and present methods for safety stock determination to cope with uncertainties that are caused by stochastic demand and different types of yield randomness. Following well-proven inventory control concepts for this problem type, we focus on a critical stock policy with a linear order release rule. A central parameter of this type of policy is given by the safety stock value. When non-zero manufacturing lead times are taken into account in the random yield context, it turns out that safety stocks have to be determined that vary from period to period. We present a simple approach for calculating these dynamic safety stocks for different yield models. Additionally, we suggest approaches for determining appropriate static safety stocks that are easier to apply in practice. In a simulation study we investigate the performance of the proposed safety stock variants.     

Synergistic relationships between Analytical Chemistry and written standards

This paper describes the mutual impact of Analytical Chemistry and several international written standards (norms and guides) related to knowledge management (CEN-CWA 14924:2004), social responsibility (ISO 26000:2010), management of occupational health and safety (OHSAS 18001/2), environmental management (ISO 14001:2004), quality management systems (ISO 9001:2008) and requirements of the competence of testing and calibration laboratories (ISO 17025:2004). The intensity of this impact, based on a two-way influence, is quite different depending on the standard considered. In any case, a new and fruitful approach to Analytical Chemistry based on these relationships can be derived.     

大学化学实验安全教育和管理的创新与实践

在常规的安全教育和管理基础上,近年来中国科学技术大学化学实验教学中心进一步从硬件环境建设到在线安全课程(慕课)设置、从反应绿色化到高危实验虚拟化、从大型仪器管理到药品管理等方面,切实开展了一系列工作,建立了一套较为完整的安全教育与管理体系,以实现对学生安全意识和防护意识的全面提升。