Calculation of the Safety Factor of the Ohmic HL-2A Single Null Divertor Discharge

The safety most important factor profile is one of the the plasma discharge. For limiter configuration, people usually use the following cylindrical approximation formula to calculate it q（r）=5r^2BT/RIp where r is the minor radius of the plasma toms, R is the major radius （in m） , BT is the toroidal magnetic field （in T）, Ip is the total toroidal current（in MA）.     

黄铁矿在维持高放废物处置库近场还原性环境中的作用

研究了黄铁矿受60Coγ射线辐照后对地下水还原性环境的影响.辐照剂量率为200Gy·min-1,总吸收剂量为5×106Gy.通过分析辐照前后以及与地下水共同辐照后黄铁矿的结构和组成,发现60Co的γ射线可使地下水发生辐解反应,从而将黄铁矿氧化;但无论是直接辐照还是与地下水共同辐照,60Co的γ辐射均不改变黄铁矿的结构.黄铁矿可以消耗地下水辐解产生的氧化性产物,有利于维持处置库近场的还原性环境,提高处置库的安全性.     

过充保护添加剂1,2-二甲氧基-4-硝基苯和1,4-二甲氧基-2-硝基苯在锂离子电池中的应用

在锂离子电池电解液1 mol·L^-1 LiPF₆/(碳酸乙烯酯(EC)+碳酸二乙酯(DEC)+碳酸甲乙酯(EMC) (1:1:1,体积比))中分别添加1,2-二甲氧基-4-硝基苯(DMNB1)和1,4-二甲氧基-2-硝基苯(DMNB2)作为防过充添加剂.采用循环伏安(CV)、恒流充放电、过充测试、电化学阻抗谱(EIS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段研究了DMNB1和DMNB2 的防过充效果, 以及添加剂与LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂材料的相容性. 结果表明: DMNB1 和DMNB2 的氧化电位都在4.3 V (vs Li/Li⁺)以上, 且均能显著提高电池的过充保护性能. 100%过充和5 V截止电压过充测试表明, DMNB1 的防过充性能优于DMNB2. 采用基础电解液、添加0.1 mol·L^-1 DMNB1 和添加0.1 mol·L^-1DMNB2 电解液的LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂/Li 电池, 0.2C 倍率下循环100 次, 容量保持率分别为98.4%、95.9%和68.1%. 证明硝基在添加剂苯环上的取代位置和其电化学性能之间有着密切联系.     

Falsification of hybrid systems with symbolic reachability analysis and trajectory splicing

The falsification of a hybrid system aims at finding trajectories that violate a given safety property. This is a challenging problem, and the practical applicability of current falsification algorithms still suffers from their high time complexity. In contrast to falsification, verification algorithms aim at providing guarantees that no such trajectories exist. Recent symbolic reachability techniques are capable of efficiently computing linear constraints that enclose all trajectories of the system with reasonable precision. In this paper, we leverage the power of symbolic reachability algorithms to improve the scalability of falsification techniques. Recent approaches to falsification reduce the problem to a nonlinear optimization problem. We propose to reduce the search space of the optimization problem by adding linear state constraints obtained with a reachability algorithm. An empirical study of how varying abstractions during symbolic reachability analysis affect the performance of solving a falsification problem is presented. In addition, for solving a falsification problem, we propose an alternating minimization algorithm that solves a linear programming problem and a non-linear programming problem in alternation finitely many times. We showcase the efficacy of our algorithms on a number of standard hybrid systems benchmarks demonstrating the performance increase and number of falsifyable instances.     

En route to Background Independence: Broken split-symmetry,and how to restore it with bi-metric average actions

The most momentous requirement a quantum theory of gravity must satisfy is Background Independence, necessitating in particular an ab initio derivation of the arena all non-gravitational physics takes place in, namely spacetime. Using the background field technique, this requirement translates into the condition of an unbroken split-symmetry connecting the (quantized) metric fluctuations to the (classical) background metric. If the regularization scheme used violates split-symmetry during the quantization process it is mandatory to restore it in the end at the level of observable physics. In this paper we present a detailed investigation of split-symmetry breaking and restoration within the Effective Average Action (EAA) approach to Quantum Einstein Gravity (QEG) with a special emphasis on the Asymptotic Safety conjecture. In particular we demonstrate for the first time in a non-trivial setting that the two key requirements of Background Independence and Asymptotic Safety can be satisfied simultaneously. Carefully disentangling fluctuation and background fields, we employ a ‘bi-metric’ ansatz for the EAA and project the flow generated by its functional renormalization group equation on a truncated theory space spanned by two separate Einstein–Hilbert actions for the dynamical and the background metric, respectively. A new powerful method is used to derive the corresponding renormalization group (RG) equations for the Newton- and cosmological constant, both in the dynamical and the background sector. We classify and analyze their solutions in detail, determine their fixed point structure, and identify an attractor mechanism which turns out instrumental in the split-symmetry restoration. We show that there exists a subset of RG trajectories which are both asymptotically safe and split-symmetry restoring: In the ultraviolet they emanate from a non-Gaussian fixed point, and in the infrared they loose all symmetry violating contributions inflicted on them by the non-invariant functional RG equation. As an application, we compute the scale dependent spectral dimension which governs the fractal properties of the effective QEG spacetimes at the bi-metric level. Earlier tests of the Asymptotic Safety conjecture almost exclusively employed ‘single-metric truncations’ which are blind towards the difference between quantum and background fields. We explore in detail under which conditions they can be reliable, and we discuss how the single-metric based picture of Asymptotic Safety needs to be revised in the light of the new results. We shall conclude that the next generation of truncations for quantitatively precise predictions (of critical exponents, for instance) is bound to be of the bi-metric type.     

HL-2A 装置上动态斯塔克效应偏振仪研究

在HL-2A 装置上发展了两类动态斯塔克效应(MSE)偏振仪并应用于磁场倾斜角的测量。其中被称为比值法的MSE 系统误差可以被控制在±0.15°以内。在HL-2A 装置实验中,利用该方法成功获得7 个空间点、径向覆盖范围为24cm 的磁场倾斜角剖面分布,其时间分辨可达到40ms。应用平衡重建代码(EFIT)结合MSE 测量数据的限定,可以得到安全因子(q)的径向分布,其中q=1 面的位置与软X 射线测量得到锯齿振荡反转面的位置一致。调制法MSE 在标定实验中误差也可控制在±0.15°以内。实验结果表明偏振片透振方向与双光学弹性调制器 (dual PEM)快轴夹角平分线的偏差对系统的线性和误差均有较大的影响。目前,该系统已经建成一个空间通道,测得磁场倾斜角的时间分辨可以达到20ms。     

Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of Thiabendazole in Fruits Using Ag−MoS2 Electrode

Herein, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) modified MoS₂ (Ag−MoS₂) was applied to the surface of glassy carbon (GC) to produce a robust electrochemical sensor for the detection of thiabendazole, a common antifungal in the post-harvesting of fruits. Cyclic voltammetry studies confirmed thiabendazole exhibited an irreversible, diffusion-controlled process on Ag−MoS₂ with a two-fold increase in peak current than the pristine MoS_2. A square wave voltammetry was used for the detection of TBZ. The developed sensor exhibited a linear range between 1–10 μM with LOD down to 0.1 μM (S/N>3). Analysis of TBZ in mango and banana matrices gave a recovery of 91.6–100.4 % indicating the suitability of the sensor for food safety monitoring.     

气相色谱法检测食品工业用大孔吸附树脂有机残留量

采用气相色谱法,建立了同时检测食品工业用大孔吸附树脂中的苯、1,2-二氯乙烷、甲苯、邻二甲苯、间二甲苯、对二甲苯、氯苯、苯乙烯、二乙烯苯、丙烯腈、甲基丙烯酸甲酯等11种有机残留物的方法。色谱柱为DB-WAX毛细柱,检测器为氢火焰离子化检测器,该方法的专属性强,在所考察的浓度范围内线性相关系数均在0.99以上,最低检出限为0.002～0.008μg/mL,样品加标回收率为72.4～104.7%,稳定性、精密度和重现性的RSD分别为1.68～5.26%、1.57～6.83%、2.91～9.62%。本方法具有简便易行、准确、稳定、快速等特点。     

氦冷固态增殖实验包层安全分析研究进展综述

介绍了氦冷固态增殖实验包层(HCCB TBM)系统,该系统主要由TBM 包层、氦冷却系统、氚提取系统、冷却剂净化系统、氚计量系统和中子活化系统等组成。TBM 结构安全分析主要包括电磁安全分析、热工水力安全分析和中子学安全分析,TBM 材料安全分析主要包括结构材料安全分析、阻氚涂层和氚处理等功能材料安全分析。对国内外学者在上述安全分析研究工作中取得的研究进展进行综述,并对TBM 未来的安全分析工作进行展望,以期对其安全设计提供参考。     

安宫牛黄丸体外安全性评价方法的研究

研究安宫牛黄丸中可溶性汞及三种毒性汞价态的体外溶出检测方法, 探讨安宫牛黄丸体外安全性评价方法。通过试验研究提取溶剂、净化方式、提取、净化时间等因素对溶出的影响, 确定最佳的提取方案。使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定可溶性汞, 高效液相色谱法-电感耦合等离子体质谱法联用测定三种汞价态。安宫牛黄丸中可溶性汞及三种毒性汞价态的最佳提取方法为: 用人工肠液在37 ℃下超声处理2 h, 提取液静置20 h后取上清液。方法重现性好, 最大程度地模拟药物在体内的吸收环境。安宫牛黄丸提取液中可溶性汞含量较高, 但不含汞的有毒价态: 甲基汞、乙基汞和二价汞。该方法可推广应用于含朱砂中成药中可溶性汞及其价态的体外溶出和测定。以毒性大的三种汞价态: 甲基汞、乙基汞和二价汞作为体外指标, 可在一定程度上评价安宫牛黄丸的安全性。