Bayesian Estimation of NMR Spectral Parameters Under Low Signal-to-Noise Conditions

The Bayesian statistical method of spectral estimation is applied to NMR free induction decay signals at various values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The frequency and amplitude estimates from the Bayesian calculations are more accurate than those from the commonly used fast Fourier transformation (FFT) of the same data sets. Both real and synthetic data sets are examined with the Bayesian results being superior in all cases. In addition to the superior performance at low SNR the Bayesian derived amplitudes and frequency estimates were not as affected by signal decay as in Fourier Transformed spectra. Finally, the amplitudes obtained are equal to the FFT integrated intensities resulting in an apparent frequency domain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) greater than the FFT SNR by a factor proportional to the FFT frequency domain linewidth. For typical high resolution spectra this improvement was approximately a factor of 2.5. Even greater improvement is obtained when rapidly decaying signals are analyzed. Bayesian computation time for the 6 line p-chloroanaline and chloroform spectrum was approximately 12 minutes on a modern computer work station.     

Simulation Results for DWDM Systems with Ultra-High Capacity

We present stimulation results for DWDM systems with an ultra-high capacity up to 1.28 Tbit/s and spectral efficiency approaching 0.4 bit/s/Hz. The impact of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) on parameters such as channel spacing, length of fiber, dispersion, and number of channels has been investigated and the results obtained have been explained on the basis of fiber nonlinear effects. It has been shown that with an increase in channel spacing, the SNR increases to the maximum optimum value and then decreases to a steady value. With an increase in number of channels, the SNR decreases for small wavelength spacing. For large wavelength spacing, it becomes independent of the number of channels. Keeping channel spacing constant, the SNR decreases with an increase in the length of the fiber. The SNR also improves with a small increase in dispersion of the fiber. Further, it is observed that, with increase in length over dispersion-shifted fiber, the received power decreases and the bit error rate increases.     

Multiparameter ratio ergodic theorems for semigroups

After one-parameter treatment of ratio ergodic theorems for semigroups, we formulate the Sucheston a.e. convergence principle of continuous parameter type. This principle plays an effective role in proving some multiparameter generalizations of Chacon?s type continuous ratio ergodic theorems for semigroups and of Jacobs? type continuous random ratio ergodic theorems for quasi-semigroups. In addition, a continuous analogue of the Brunel–Dunford–Schwartz ergodic theorem is given of sectorially restricted averages for a commutative family of semigroups. We also formulate a local a.e. convergence principle of Sucheston?s type. The local convergence principle is effective in proving multiparameter local ergodic theorems. In fact, a multiparameter generalization of Akcoglu–Chacon?s local ratio ergodic theorem for semigroups of positive linear contractions on _L1$L_1$ is proved. Moreover, some multiparameter martingale theorems are obtained as applications of convergence principles.     

The role of index bonds in universal currency hedging

This study examines the demand for index bonds and their role in hedging risky asset returns against currency risks in a complete market where equity is not hedged against inflation risk. Avellaneda's uncertain volatility model with non-constant coefficients to describe equity price variation, forward price variation, index bond price variation and rate of inflation, together with Merton's intertemporal portfolio choice model, are utilized to enable an investor to choose an optimal portfolio consisting of equity, nominal bonds and index bonds when the rate of inflation is uncertain. A hedge ratio is universal if investors in different countries hedge against currency risk to the same extent. Three universal hedge ratios (UHRs) are defined with respect to the investor's total demand for index bonds, hedging risky asset returns (i.e. equity and nominal bonds) against currency risk, which are not held for hedging purposes. These UHRs are hedge positions in foreign index bond portfolios, stated as a fraction of the national market portfolio. At equilibrium all the three UHRs are comparable to Black's corrected equilibrium hedging ratio. The Cameron-Martin-Girsanov theorem is applied to show that the Radon-Nikodym derivative given under a P -martingale, the investor's exchange rate (product of the two currencies) is a martingale. Therefore the investors can agree on a common hedging strategy to trade exchange rate risk irrespective of investor nationality. This makes the choice of the measurement currency irrelevant and the hedge ratio universal without affecting their values.     

坡地植物反射高光谱影响因子分析

在坡地植物遥感监测过程中,很多相关因素的变化会对监测结果产生不容忽视的影响。本文对坡地植物的坡度、坡向、探测天顶角以及不同植物类型等因素进行了分析。为了加强理论探讨,研究在实验室条件下进行,并对均匀坡坡地植物进行了模拟。通过试验发现这些因素对植物高光谱遥感都有影响。当仅坡度变化时,在0°～36°坡度范围内,坡地植物反射比随坡度增大而先增大后减小;当仅探测天顶角变化时,随着探测天顶角的增大,坡地植物在可见光波段光谱特征变化并不明显,在近红外波段反射比逐渐减小;当仅坡向变化时,坡面越转向迎光方向,坡地植物反射比越大,且以入射面与坡面的垂直交线为轴,轴两侧坡向植物叶片反射比基本成对称分布;另外,不同植物类型其光谱曲线有较大差异,即植物类型的差异同样会对坡地植物高光谱遥感产生影响。本研究突破了传统遥感垂直收集数据的局限,利用多角度、高光谱信息进行坡地植物光谱特性分析。坡地植物的高光谱遥感研究对定量遥感的发展有一定的理论意义,同时对植物遥感监测有一定的应用价值。     

双人合作的在线雪橇租赁问题

以往的文献只研究了单人雪橇租赁问题,本文将雪橇租赁问题扩展到了双人合作情形.研究了两个在线决策者的合作博弈模型,给出了TBS策略和BCS策略,并求出了双方收益分配的纳什均衡解.结论显示,TBS策略具有最小竞争比,但基于该策略的合作却不稳定,需要契约维持;BCS策略不具有最小竞争比,却是占优策略,基于该策略的合作是稳定的。因此存在合作可能的情况下,选择BCS策略的合作总比非合作要好。文章第4节详细的比较了TBS策略和BCS策略。   此外,文章还得到了一个有意思的发现,随着参与人的增加,竞争比是有可能不上升的.这一发现与经典的在线问题(如k-server问题)的结论不一样,在k-server问题中,随着参与者(服务器)的增加,竞争比会呈线性提高》。     

利用反向投影的flash场景自适应视频编码算法

针对闪光造成的光照变化会导致视频帧之间巨大的强度差异问题,提出利用反向投影的flash场景自适应视频编码算法。根据直方图差异提取闪光和非闪光帧,相应地为每个帧分配适当的编码类型,并在加权预测(WP)参数集确定中采用运动向量导数,通过反向投影保证flash场景的全局一致性。实验结果表明,相比其他几种加权预测算法,本文算法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)及计算复杂度方面获得了更加优越的编码性能。     

Spectrophotometric Methods for Simultaneous Determination of Amlodipine Besylate and Atenolol in Their Tablet Dosage Form

Three simple, specific, accurate and precise spectrophotometric methods are developed for simultaneous determination of amlodipine besylate (AM) and atenolol (AT) in tablets. The first method is dual wavelength spectrophotometry (DW). The second method is ratio subtraction (RS) which depends on subtraction of the plateau values from the ratio spectrum, coupled to first derivative of ratio spectra (1DD). The third method applies bivariate calibration method using 210 and 225 nm as an optimum pair of wavelength for amlodipine and atenolol. The calibration curves are linear over the concentration range of 4～40 μg·mL-1 for both drugs. The specificity of the developed methods is investigated by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures of the two drugs and their combined dosage form. The two methods are validated as per ICH guidelines and can be applied for routine quality control testing.     

氯磺酚偶氮罗丹宁分光光度法测定天然水中痕量铜(Ⅱ)

在pH5.56的醋酸盐缓冲溶液中,Cu(Ⅱ)和氯磺酚偶氮罗丹宁(SCPA)生成二元配合物Cu(SCPA)2,利用光谱修正技术表征配合物的分子结构。选择吸收光谱峰谷波长530nm和418nm为工作波长,测定显色溶液及空白溶液的吸光度A530nm,A418nm及A5030nm,A4018nm。计算光吸收比差值(ΔAr)。当Cu(Ⅱ)浓度在0.200μg/mL以内与ΔAr值之间呈线性关系,方法检出限为2ng/mL,有利于直接监测天然水。本实验已测定了黄浦江、长江、太湖水样中的痕量Cu(Ⅱ),结果与电感耦合等离子体-发射光谱法的测定结果相符,方法回收率在97.0%—103.5%之间。     

基于四波段图像融合的彩色夜视方法研究

为了在低照度条件下获取目标的彩色图像,提高夜间对目标的识别能力,提出了基于四波段图像融合的彩色夜视方法.采用F-P滤光片设计出了透射中心在三基色光中心波长及近红外波段的四波段滤光片,在各个透射区域的平均透射率均达90%以上;将四波段滤光片设计成圆形滤色轮结构,用分光计测得了各波段滤光片的光谱透射性;对加入滤光片后的系统信噪比进行了分析和计算,分析结果表明加入滤光片不会引入噪声,计算结果表明加入蓝色、绿色、红色和近红外波段滤光片的成像系统的信噪比分别是原来单色微光夜视系统信噪比的19.59%、38.45%、47.28%和46.70%.借助国产超二代像增强器在微光实验室进行了四波段图像采集及彩色图像融合实验,实验时光照度分别为1×10~(-3)lx和1×10~(-1)lx,对获取的图像质量进行了评价.结果表明:在照度为1×10~(-3)lx时,融合的彩色图像在均值、方差和熵这三项指标上均优于过滤后的蓝色和绿色的单色图像,且由于彩色图像中利用了近红外图像进行增强,使得彩色图像亮度更高,颜色分辨性更好;在照度为1×10~(-1)lx时,融合后的彩色图像的信息熵比红、绿、蓝三种基色图像的大,彩色图像携带的信息量更大.本文的研究对彩色夜视成像系统的设计和研发具有借鉴和指导意义.